Name: Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People, In
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Foreword to the English Edition ix
Abbreviations xi
List of Maps and Figures xiii
Part 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 1 The Concept of Baltic Studies 3
Chapter 2 The Origins and Meaning of the Term 'Baltic' 6
Chapter 3 Environment 14
Chapter 4 Amber and the Amber Route 23
Part 2 The Baltic Tribes and Peoples 37
Chapter 1 The Indo-European Urheimat and Proto-Language 39
1.1. Difficulties in writing about prehistory 39
1.1.1. Archaeology 41
1.1.2. Physical anthropology 43
1.1.3. Language history 47
1.2. The Kurgan theory (M. Gimbutas) 57
1.3. The Asiatic Urheimat hypotheses 63
1.4. Language tree and diffusionism 66
Chapter 2 The Baltic Urheimat and Proto-Language 70
2.1. The question of Balto-Slavic unity 70
2.2. The Baltic proto-language 74
2.3. The archaic nature of the Baltic languages 77
2.4. The Baltic Urheimat 80
Chapter 3 The Venet(d) Question 85
Chapter 4 The First References to the Balts 98
4.1. The Budini 101
4.2. The Neuri 102
4.3. The Aestii or Aisti 104
4.4. The Velts 107
4.5. The Stavanoi 107
4.6. The Sudini 108
4.7. The Galindians and the Golyad's 108
4.8. The Boruski or Borusi 111
Chapter 5 The Baltic Tribes 113
5.1. Power relations in the Baltic region: The Viking period 113
5.2. The Couronians 116
5.3. Power relations in the Baltic region: the Slavic, Lithuanian, and German periods 118
5.4. The conquest of Livonia 122
5.5. Drang nach Osten 126
5.6. The East Balts 128
5.6.1. The Latvians 128
5.6.2. The Leitis 132
5.6.3. The Lithuanians (Zemaitians and Aukstaitians) 138
5.6.4. The Zemgalians 142
5.6.5. The Selonians 145
5.7. The West Balts 147
5.7.1. The Prussians 147
5.7.2. The Jatvingians 158
Chapter 6 The Baltic Peoples 164
6.1. The Prussians 164
6.2. The Latvians 167
6.2.1. Kurzeme 170
6.2.2. The Duchy beyond the Daugava 170
6.2.3. Latgale 172
6.3. The Lithuanians 176
6.3.1. Lithuania Minor 192
Part 3 Baltic Languages and Dialects 205
Chapter 1 Common Baltic 207
Chapter 2 West Baltic Languages 209
2.1. The Prussian language 209
2.2. The Jatvingian language 216
Chapter 3 The Couronian Language 217
Chapter 4 East Baltic Languages 219
4.1. The Latvian language 219
4.2. The Latgalian language 224
4.3. The Lithuanian language 225
Part 4 Baltic Mythology 231
Chapter 1 Prehistory, Folklore, Mythology 233
Chapter 2 How Far Back Does Baltic Antiquity Reach? 253
Chapter 3 Myths and Systems of Myths 267
Chapter 4 The Theory of Social Formation 271
Chapter 5 Polydoxy, Prototheism, Polytheism 275
Chapter 6 Shamanism 276
Chapter 7 Baltic Mythological Systems 278
7.1. Baltic prototheism 278
7.1.1. Deivas 279
7.1.2. Perkunas (Perkons) 282
7.2. Baltic polydoxy 289
7.2.1. Interpretatio christiana 296
7.2.2. Interpretatio classica (Romana, Graeca) 304
7.3. Baltic 'polytheism' 307
7.3.1. The Prussian 'gods' of reliable sources 308
7.3.2. The Lithuanian 'gods' of reliable sources 309
7.3.3. The Prussian 'Pantheon' 312
7.3.4. The Lithuanian 'pantheon' 316
Chapter 8 Baltic Cults 318
8.1. Idols 318
8.2. Sanctuaries 319
8.2.1. Romova 320
8.2.2. The sanctuary of Vilnius (The legends of Sventaragis and Gediminas) 321
8.3. Priests 326
8.3.1. Sicco 326
8.3.2. The tuliss and the ligash 327
8.3.3. The sovij (an addition to the Malalas Chronicle) 330
8.3.4. Krive 337
8.3.5. Kunigas 339
8.3.6. Zynys, waidelott, Wisten, macitajs 340
Part 5 Conclusion Own and Alien in History 343
Bibliography 357
Index 405

Title: Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People

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University Press

Item Number: 9789639116429

Publication Date: November 2008

Number: 1

Product Description: Full Name: Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People; Short Name:Foreword to the Past

Universal Product Code (UPC): 9789639116429

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Weight: 0.200 kg (0.44 lbs)

Width: 6.000 cm (2.36 inches)

Heigh : 9.000 cm (3.54 inches)

Depth: 1.130 cm (0.44 inches)

Date Added: August 25, 2020, Added By: Ross

Date Last Edited: August 25, 2020, Edited By: Ross

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Foreword to the Past

This book is the first detailed and comprehensive account of the Kharkov counteroffensive, the operations of the SS divisions and the supporting actions of Armeeabteilung Fretter-Pico and 1. Panzerarmee, and is supported by over 210 photographs and maps. By the end of January of 1943, Hitler's armies had been dealt a series of defeats by the Russians, beginning with the disaster at Stalingrad. Successive Soviet offensives had destroyed the German 6. Armee and annihilated the armies of Germany's Axis allies, Italy, Rumania and Hungary. Germany teetered on the brink of defeat in World War II because the Soviet advance threatened to drive to the Dnepr River and encircle the remaining Germans armies in southern Russia. Stalin and the Russian high command believed that the war could be won with just one more great effort. Accordingly, they planned and launched two offensives, designated Operations "Star" and "Gallop." The focal points of the two offensives included the recapture of Kharkov, the industrial heart of the Ukraine and the destruction of Armeeabteilung Hollidt, 4. Panzerarmee and 2. Armee. Feldmarschall Erich von Manstein entered the picture in late 1942 when he was appointed commander of Heeresgruppe Don. Beginning in February he engineered a remarkable operation that changed the course of the war in Russia. Manstein's counteroffensive destroyed or severely damaged four Russian armies and regained much of the territory lost in January. The troops that played the most important role in the offensive were three divisions of the Waffen-SS. "Leibstandarte," "Das Reich" and "Totenkopf" were combined for the first time into a corps,

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	Foreword to the English Edition	ix
	Abbreviations	xi
	List of Maps and Figures	xiii
Part 1	Introduction	1
Chapter 1	The Concept of Baltic Studies	3
Chapter 2	The Origins and Meaning of the Term 'Baltic'	6
Chapter 3	Environment	14
Chapter 4	Amber and the Amber Route	23
Part 2	The Baltic Tribes and Peoples	37
Chapter 1	The Indo-European Urheimat and Proto-Language	39
1.1.	Difficulties in writing about prehistory	39
1.1.1.	Archaeology	41
1.1.2.	Physical anthropology	43
1.1.3.	Language history	47
1.2.	The Kurgan theory (M. Gimbutas)	57
1.3.	The Asiatic Urheimat hypotheses	63
1.4.	Language tree and diffusionism	66
Chapter 2	The Baltic Urheimat and Proto-Language	70
2.1.	The question of Balto-Slavic unity	70
2.2.	The Baltic proto-language	74
2.3.	The archaic nature of the Baltic languages	77
2.4.	The Baltic Urheimat	80
Chapter 3	The Venet(d) Question	85
Chapter 4	The First References to the Balts	98
4.1.	The Budini	101
4.2.	The Neuri	102
4.3.	The Aestii or Aisti	104
4.4.	The Velts	107
4.5.	The Stavanoi	107
4.6.	The Sudini	108
4.7.	The Galindians and the Golyad's	108
4.8.	The Boruski or Borusi	111
Chapter 5	The Baltic Tribes	113
5.1.	Power relations in the Baltic region: The Viking period	113
5.2.	The Couronians	116
5.3.	Power relations in the Baltic region: the Slavic, Lithuanian, and German periods	118
5.4.	The conquest of Livonia	122
5.5.	Drang nach Osten	126
5.6.	The East Balts	128
5.6.1.	The Latvians	128
5.6.2.	The Leitis	132
5.6.3.	The Lithuanians (Zemaitians and Aukstaitians)	138
5.6.4.	The Zemgalians	142
5.6.5.	The Selonians	145
5.7.	The West Balts	147
5.7.1.	The Prussians	147
5.7.2.	The Jatvingians	158
Chapter 6	The Baltic Peoples	164
6.1.	The Prussians	164
6.2.	The Latvians	167
6.2.1.	Kurzeme	170
6.2.2.	The Duchy beyond the Daugava	170
6.2.3.	Latgale	172
6.3.	The Lithuanians	176
6.3.1.	Lithuania Minor	192
Part 3	Baltic Languages and Dialects	205
Chapter 1	Common Baltic	207
Chapter 2	West Baltic Languages	209
2.1.	The Prussian language	209
2.2.	The Jatvingian language	216
Chapter 3	The Couronian Language	217
Chapter 4	East Baltic Languages	219
4.1.	The Latvian language	219
4.2.	The Latgalian language	224
4.3.	The Lithuanian language	225
Part 4	Baltic Mythology	231
Chapter 1	Prehistory, Folklore, Mythology	233
Chapter 2	How Far Back Does Baltic Antiquity Reach?	253
Chapter 3	Myths and Systems of Myths	267
Chapter 4	The Theory of Social Formation	271
Chapter 5	Polydoxy, Prototheism, Polytheism	275
Chapter 6	Shamanism	276
Chapter 7	Baltic Mythological Systems	278
7.1.	Baltic prototheism	278
7.1.1.	Deivas	279
7.1.2.	Perkunas (Perkons)	282
7.2.	Baltic polydoxy	289
7.2.1.	Interpretatio christiana	296
7.2.2.	Interpretatio classica (Romana, Graeca)	304
7.3.	Baltic 'polytheism'	307
7.3.1.	The Prussian 'gods' of reliable sources	308
7.3.2.	The Lithuanian 'gods' of reliable sources	309
7.3.3.	The Prussian 'Pantheon'	312
7.3.4.	The Lithuanian 'pantheon'	316
Chapter 8	Baltic Cults	318
8.1.	Idols	318
8.2.	Sanctuaries	319
8.2.1.	Romova	320
8.2.2.	The sanctuary of Vilnius (The legends of Sventaragis and Gediminas)	321
8.3.	Priests	326
8.3.1.	Sicco	326
8.3.2.	The tuliss and the ligash	327
8.3.3.	The sovij (an addition to the Malalas Chronicle)	330
8.3.4.	Krive	337
8.3.5.	Kunigas	339
8.3.6.	Zynys, waidelott, Wisten, macitajs	340
Part 5	Conclusion Own and Alien in History	343
	Bibliography	357
	Index	405