Essays on Transport Economics Book

Introduction     1
Demand     5
A Reassessment of the Characterisation of Congestion on an Urban Road Network - Some Theoretical Suggestions and Illustrative Experiments   T.P. Truong   D.A. Hensher     7
Introduction     7
Defining 'Capacity' and 'Congestion'     8
Linking 'Capacity' and 'Congestion' Concepts to the Basic Individual Travel Activity across a Transport Link     11
Equilibrium Condition for a Heterogenous Population of Travellers     17
Application     19
Application to a Hypothetical Network of Two Parallel Links     21
An Illustrative Experiment Using Empirical Data from Some Sydney Road Links     23
Ccnclusions     31
References     31
Estimation of the Economic Value of Student Urban Travel Time   P. Coto-Millan   V. Inglada   M.A. Pesquera   R. Sainz   N. Sanchez     33
Introduction     33
Overview of Time Value Theories     34
Train-McFadden's Synthesis Model (Compromise Model between Goods and Leisure Activities)     39
Jara-Diaz and Farah Model (1987)     41
Time Value in Journeys to Study Locations in Santander     42
The Data     43
Empirical Specifications     44
Empirical Results     45
Summary and Conclusions     46
References     47
Price and Income Elasticities for Intercity Public Transport in Spain   P. Coto-Millan   J. Banos-Pino   G. Carrera-Gomez   J. Castanedo-Galan   M. A. Pesquera   V. Inglada   R. Sainz     51
Introduction     51
Theoretical Model     53
Empirical Evidence     56
Fitted Time Series Models     59
Conclusions     61
References     61
Supply and Efficiency     63
Classifying Urban Passenger Transportation Services   W. K. Talley     65
Introduction     65
Service Structure and Type     66
Transit Services     67
Private Services     69
Paratransit Services     70
U. S. Street Railway and Motorbus Transit Services: A Historical Perspective     71
Street Railways     71
Street Railways and Motorbus Operators     73
Transit Decline: Post World War II     74
Summary     75
References     76
Analysis of the Allocative Efficiency in Public Firms: the Case of Railway   P. Coto-Millan   J. Banos-Pino   A. Rodriguez-Alvarez     79
Introduction     79
Formalization of the Theoretical Model     80
Conclusions to the Theoretical Model     82
The Distance Function     82
Properties of the Distance Function     84
The Shadow Price Estimation through the Use of a Shephard Distance Function     85
The Functional Form     88
The Econometric Estimation     88
Data     89
Empirical Results     90
Summary and Conclusions     94
References     94
The Effect of Using Aggregated Output in the Economic Analysis of Cargo Handling Operations   S. R. Jara-Diaz   B. Tovar de la Fe   L. Trujillo     97
Introduction: Cargo Handling in Multipurpose Port Terminals     97
Data and Aggregate Model Formulation     98
A Cost Function with Distinct Outputs     102
Comparisons and Discussion     105
Conclusion     106
References     107
Scale Economies, Elasticities of Substitution and Behaviour of the Railway Transport Costs in Spain   P. Coto-Millan   G. Carrera-Gomez    V. Inglada   R. Nunez-Sanchez   J. Castanedo   M. A. Pesquera   R. Sainz     111
Introduction     111
The Model     112
The Data     115
Empirical Results     115
Summary and Conclusions     119
References     119
Efficiency Stochastic Frontiers: a Panel Data Analysis for Spanish Airports (1992-1994)   P. Coto-Millan   G. Carrera-Gomez   J. Castanedo-Galan   M. A. Pesquera   V. Inglada   R. Sainz   R. Nunez-Sanchez     121
Introduction     121
The Model     122
The Data     124
Econometric Results     125
Conclusions     126
References     126
Multi-Output Analysis of the Costs and Productivity of Cargo Handling in Spanish Ports   E. Martinez-Budria   J. J. Diaz-Hernandez     127
Introduction     127
Cargo Handling Operations in Spain     128
The Theoretical Framework     131
Multi-Output Theory     131
Measurement and Decomposition of Productivity     132
The Model     134
The Normalized Quadratic Specification of Multi-Output Cost Function     134
The Data     135
Estimated Cost Function     136
Analysis of Results     136
Cost Structure     136
Analysis of Productivity and Technical Change     138
Summary and Conclusions     140
References     141
Estimated Coefficients     142
Market and Economic Impact Studies     145
Economic Impact Study: Application to Ports   B. Francou   G. Carrera-Gomez   P. Coto-Millan   J. Castanedo-Galan   M. A. Pesquera     147
Introduction     147
Aims and Utility     148
Analysis of Different Methodologies     148
Methodology I     148
Methodology II     149
Methodology III     151
A Dynamic View of Port Impact Studies     152
Criticisms and Defences of Port Impact Studies     152
New Openings     155
Final Reflections     155
References     156
Airport Management and Airline Competition in OECD Markets   G. Bel   X. Fageda     159
Introduction     159
Airport Management Practices in OECD Countries      160
European Union     160
United States     166
Other Countries     172
Competition in the Air Transport Industry: the Interaction between Airports and Airlines     173
Airline Competition     173
Airport Competition     175
Concluding Remarks     178
References     179
Dynamising Economic Impact Studies: the Case of the Port of Seville   J. I. Castillo   L. Lopez-Valpuesta   M. J. Aracil     183
Introduction     183
System Dynamics Model of the Port of Seville     185
Economic Impact of the Port of Seville on the Province of Seville     197
Dynamising Employment through the Simulation Model     198
Sensitivity Analysis     200
Main Results and Conclusions     203
References     209
Valuation of Benefits and Costs     217
Estimating the Economic Benefits of Bicycling and Bicycle Facilities: an Interpretive Review and Proposed Methods   K. J. Krizec     219
Introduction     219
Overview of Issues Central to Estimating Bicycle Benefits     220
Review of Previous Research     225
Proposed Benefits and Methods      231
Summary and Conclusions     243
References     244
Valuation of Transport Externalities by Stated Choice Methods   J. De Dios Ortuzar   L. I. Rizzi     249
Introduction     249
Discrete Choice Models and Stated Choice Data     250
First Case Study: Urban Road Accidents     253
Second Case Study: Valuation of Local Air Pollution     260
Third Case Study: Valuation of Quietness     264
Summary     269
References     270
Externalities Analysis of Investments in Infrastructure: a Practical Approach   P. Coto-Millan   V. Inglada   J. Castanedo-Galan   M. A. Pesquera   R. Nunez-Sanchez     273
Introduction     273
Evolution of Transport Demand     274
Transport Externalities     276
Concept     276
Internalization     276
Theoretical Framework     276
Valuation     277
Policy of Prices: the Case of Madrid-Seville     282
Elasticities     282
Results     283
Investment Policy: the Case of the Madrid-Seville AVE     284
Impact on Modal Distribution      284
Cost-Benefit Analysis     285
Results     286
Conclusions     287
References     288
Transportation Network and Information and Communications Technology     291
ITS-Based Transport Concepts and Location Preference: Will ITS Change 'Business as Usual'?   R. Argiolu   R. van der Heijden   V. Marchau     293
Introduction     293
Theorizing Preferences Regarding Business Locations     295
Location Development, Matching Supply and Demand     299
Unfolding 'Attractiveness' of ITS     300
Location Development, the Link with ITS     303
Methodological Framework     309
Conclusion     312
References     313
The Economics of Transportation Network Growth   L. Zhang   D. Levinson     317
Introduction     317
Literature Review     318
An Analytical Model of Pricing, Capacity Choice and Ownership Structure     320
Demand Side: Models of Road Users     320
Supply Side: Road Provision Cost     323
Ownership and Policies: Models of Road Providers     324
A Numerical Example     325
Equilibrium Toll and Capacity under Various Ownership Regimes     327
Parallel Network     327
Serial Network     328
Returns to Scale     332
Parallel-Serial Network     333
Conclusions     334
References     335
Transport Network Development and the Location of Economic Activity   A. Holl     341
Introduction     341
Literature Review: Transport Infrastructure Investment and the Location of Economic Activity     342
Empirical Evidence     343
Dynamic Effects - the Spanish Motorway Building Programme     350
Data and Variables     351
Estimation and Empirical Results     354
Conclusions     356
References     358
Mapping the Terrain of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Household Travel   K. J. Krizec   A. Johnson     363
Introduction     363
Part I) Previous Research     365
Part 2) Trends and Issues for Further Research     371
Summary     377
References     378