Technical Crops Book

Contributors     XV
Abbreviations     XVII
Cotton   M. Ulloa   C. Brubaker   P. Chee     1
Introduction     1
Origin and Domestication of Cotton     2
Evolution of Cotton     3
Morphology and Taxonomy of the Cotton Species     3
Domestication and Diffusion of Cotton     6
Traditional Breeding     9
Current Priorities for Breeding in Cotton     10
Construction of Genetic Linkage Maps     10
History of Genetic Linkage Mapping in Cotton     15
What Have We Learned from Genetic Linkage Mapping in Cotton?     16
What Is the Future for Genetic Linkage Mapping in Cotton?     18
Gene Mapping     19
Simple Phenotypes in Gossypium spp.     19
Simple Phenotypes Molecular Mapped in Gossypium spp.     20
Multigenic Qualitative Traits     24
Quantitative Trait Loci     24
History of QTLs     24
QTL Methodologies     25
QTLs Detected Using Interspecific Mapping Families     28
QTLs Detected Using Intraspecific Mapping Families     30
QTLs Detected on Mapping Population for Specific Gene(s)     31
Comparison of QTLs     33
Marker-Assisted Breeding     34
Challenges Facing MAB in Cotton     35
The Future of MAB in Cotton     35
Marker-Assisted Introgression     36
Map-Based Cloning     38
The Future     40
References     42
Forage Crops   M. Inoue   M. Fujimori   H. Cai     51
Introduction     51
Characteristics of Cross-Pollinated Forage Crops as Distinct from Those of Inbred Species     51
Botanical Descriptions     53
Economic Importance     54
Breeding Objectives     54
Classical Mapping Efforts     54
Classical Breeding Achievements     54
Limitations of Classical Endeavors and Utility of Molecular Mapping     54
Construction of Genetic Maps     55
Kinds of Mapping Population and Molecular Markers     55
Construction of First-Generation Maps     57
Construction of Second-Generation Maps     57
Gene Mapping     62
Crown-Rust Resistance     62
Blast Resistance     62
Incompatibility Mechanisms in Legumes and Grasses     63
Gene Mapping in Alfalfa      63
Quantitative Trait Loci Detected     63
Marker-Assisted Breeding     64
Map-Based Cloning     66
Future Scope of Works     67
Synteny Between Forage Crops and Other Well-Studied Grass Species     67
Medicago truncatula as a Model Plant for Legumes     68
Genetic Transformation     68
Endophytic Fungi     69
References     69
Ornamentals   M. Linde   Z. Yan   T. Debener     77
Introduction     77
Maps and Mapped Genes in Selected Ornamentals     78
Roses     78
Snapdragon     83
Petunia     85
Variety and Genotype Identification     86
Vegetatively Propagated Crops     86
Sexually Propagated Crops     86
Sports     87
Analysis of Genetic Relatedness     87
Methods of Classification     87
Studies of Genetic Relatedness of Genotypes     88
Future Prospects     89
References     89
Oil Palm   Z. Price   S. Mayes   N. Billotte   F. Hafeez   F. Dumortier   D. MacDonald      93
Introduction     93
Botanical Classification and Phylogeny     93
Geographical Distribution     94
Biology of Oil Palm     95
Economy     95
Oil Palm Products and Their Uses     97
Molecular Markers in Oil Palm Breeding     99
Fingerprinting and Linkage Studies     99
Potential Applications of Markers - Simple Traits     100
Potential Applications of Markers - Complex Traits     101
Potential Applications of Markers - Disease Resistance     101
Genome Organization     102
Uses of Conserved Synteny     102
Vegetative Propagation of Oil Palm     102
Transformation Technology     103
Conclusions - the Future of Genetic Improvement in Oil Palm     104
Molecular Genetics     104
Models and Comparative Genetics     104
Transgenics and Tissue Culture     104
References     105
Coffee   P. Lashermes   F. Anthony     109
Introduction     109
Genome Structure and Molecular Diversity     110
An Allotetraploid Species     110
An Extremely Low Genetic Diversity      111
Breeding Strategies     111
Introgression Assessment     112
Factors Controlling Gene Introgression     112
Genetic Mapping     113
Gene Tagging     113
Genomics     115
Conclusions and Perspectives     115
References     116
Tea   J. Tanaka   F. Taniguchi     119
Introduction     119
Tea in a Botanical Context     119
Camellia sinensis as a Beverage Crop     119
Breeding Objectives for Tea     120
Challenges for Tea Breeding and Significance of MAS     121
Use of Markers and Genetic Analysis with DNA Markers     121
Use of DNA Markers for Nongenetic Analyses     121
Genetic Analysis with DNA Markers     121
MAS for Mulberry Scale Resistance     124
Advanced Works     124
References     124
Cacao   R. Bhattacharjee   P. L. Kumar     127
Introduction     127
History and Distribution     127
General Characteristics of Cacao     128
Botany     129
Self-Incompatibility     132
Importance and Uses of Cacao      132
Production Constraints     133
Cacao Breeding     134
Clone Selection     134
Hybrid Selection     134
Recurrent Selection and Prebreeding     135
Genetic Linkage and Gene Mapping     135
Marker-Assisted Selection     136
Application of Genomic Tools and Gene Discovery     137
Genetic Transformation     137
Future Prospects     138
References     138
Rubber   P.M. Priyadarshan     143
Introduction     143
Commercial Importance     143
Botanical Aspects     144
Historical Aspects     144
Propagation Systems     146
Breeding Objectives     146
Genetic Resources and Variability     147
Breeding Methodologies and Achievements     148
Application of in Vitro Culture     157
Anther Culture     159
Somatic Embryogenesis and Meristem Culture     159
Molecular Genetics and Breeding     161
Molecular Diversity     161
Gene Linkage Maps and QTLs     163
Laticifer-Specific Gene Expression     167
Direct Gene Transfer      167
Conclusions and Future Outlook     168
References     169
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants   A. K. Shasany   A. K. Shukla   S. P. S. Khanuja     175
Introduction     175
Metabolic Profiles and Significance of Some Prominent Medicinal and Aromatic Plants     175
Catharanthus roseus     175
Mentha spp.     177
Papaver somniferum     181
Ocimum spp.     182
Artemisia annua     183
Capsicum spp.     184
Vetiveria zizanioides     186
Taxus wallichiana     186
Phyllanthus spp.     187
Pelargonium graveolens     188
Cymbopogon spp.     188
Bacopa monnieri     189
Aloe     190
Concluding Remarks     190
References     191
Subject Index     197