Theory and Typology of Proper Names Book

General introduction     1
Nominal and referential-semantic status of proper names     6
Introduction     6
Proper names and proprial lemmas     7
The so-called pragmatic viewpoint     9
Proper names as a semantic-syntactic class     11
Radical Construction Grammar     13
Coseriu and Willems     14
Dictionary lemmas     15
The nominal status of proper names     17
The proper name as a nominal category     17
Proper names and appellatives     19
The referential and semantic status of proper names     20
Some basic semantic notions applied in this work     20
Evaluation of the main views on the referential and semantic status of proper names     22
Language philosophical views: from Mill to Kripke     24
John Stuart Mill     24
Gottlob Frege     27
Edmund Husserl     28
Bertrand Russell     29
Ludwig Wittgenstein and John Searle     30
Saul Kripke and Keith Donnellan     33
Some current linguistic theories of proper names     38
The maximum meaningfulness thesis     39
Metalinguistic theories of proper names     39
Cognitive linguistic theories of proper names     50
The set theoretic cognitivist approach     58
The pragmatic view     65
Presuppositional meanings that proper names have or can have     71
The thesis of the categorical presupposition in proper names     71
Categorical meanings as basic level concepts     79
Associative meaning pertains to the referent and to the name form on the level of usage     81
Emotive meaning: augmentative and diminutive     83
Grammatical meaning     84
Towards a more precise characterization and definition of proper names and proprial lemmas     84
Towards a more precise characterization of proper names     84
Do proper names have meaning?     84
In what way do proper names refer?     86
Towards a definition and a unified account of proper names     86
The pragmatic component     87
The semantic component     90
The syntactic component     91
What is necessary to retrieve the referent of a proper name?     91
Do proper names always originate in a 'baptismal act'?     92
A more precise characterization of proprial and nonproprial lemmas     93
Three questions regarding the status of proprial and nonproprial lemmas in connection with proper names     93
Further arguments for the adoption of proprial lemmas     95
Proprial lemmas functioning as appellatives or as parts of nonproprial words     96
Multidenotative proprial lemmas     96
One referent is apart of the other     97
Names with a common part can be united via the adoption of a proprial lemma     98
Names may share a basic level term     99
Nonproprial lemmas found in proper names     99
Proprial lemmas and the typological theory of markedness     99
Diagram of a proprial lemma and its valency     100
Monoreferential appellative expressions     102
Monoreferential NPs with the definite article     103
Articleless monoreferential NPs     104
Neurolinguistic evidence for the present analysis of proper names     106
Semenza and Zettin (1988)     108
Bayer (1991)     110
Miceli, Daniele, Esposito and Magarelli (1998)     113
Discussion     113
Conclusions     116
Formal characteristics of proper names     119
Introduction     119
The proper name as a nominal category     120
Formal correlates of proprial meanings      125
Formal characteristics pertaining to the extension/intension status of proper names     125
Close apposition     125
Close vs. loose apposition     126
Close apposition as a criterion for proper-namehood     128
Close apposition as a criterion for the basic level presupposition in proper names     138
A cline in the tightness of the bond between proper name element and basic level element     141
Restrictive modifiers     143
Quantification     145
Predicate nominals     146
Voor 'for'-phrases     149
Coordination of homophonous NPs     150
Anaphoric relations     153
Formal features pertaining to grammatical meaning     153
Definiteness     154
Proper names are definite     154
The functions of the definite article with proper names     157
Number     159
Countability     161
Recursiveness (genericness)     163
Person     167
Case     167
A combination of grammatical phenomena as an indirect test for proper-namehood     167
Proper names between common nouns and personal pronouns     169
The proper name as the most prototypical nominal category      171
Proper names have the unmarked counterparts of nominal grammatical features     171
Prototypical proper names are zero coded     172
Constructions in which the proprial lemma is appellativized     173
Marked constructions in which the proprial lemma has a proprial function     176
Proper names with the indefinite article a(n)     176
Proprial lemmas in a partitive construction     179
Conclusions     182
Typology of proper names     183
Introduction     183
Prototypical proper names     186
Personal names     187
Primary official personal names     189
Secondary official personal names     191
Unofficial personal names Bynames     192
The proper name status of bynames     194
Pragmatic characterization of bynames     195
Subdivision of bynames: individual and collective bynames     196
Formal characteristics of bynames     197
Personal name combinations     197
Animal names     201
Names of hurricanes     201
Place names     202
The internal status of place names     202
A hierarchy of place name categories      204
Formal classification and hierarchy     205
Semantic classification and hierarchy     207
Some further implications     210
An additional continuum of number and gender     210
Towards an implicational universal     211
Language typological differences     212
The use of setting locative prepositions with place names     212
Referential vs. attributive spatial relations     213
Setting vs. relational spatial prepositions     214
Isolative vs. non-isolative spatial relations     216
Positional vs. directional spatial relations     218
Names of astronomic objects     218
Names of buildings, ships, etc.     220
Names of organizations and associations     220
The continuum in the semantic functions of the definite article     221
The two functions of the definite article with proper names     221
The continuum in the semantic functions of the definite article with both common and proper nouns     222
Nonprototypical proper names     223
Countable proper names     225
Temporal names     225
Temporal names as proper names     225
A typology of temporal names     228
The setting function of temporal names The function of temporal prepositions     232
Names of works of art, books, journals, films, etc.     233
Names of institutions connected with buildings     234
Trade and brand names     235
Names of currencies     238
Names of numbers and letters     239
Uncountable proper names     241
Names of languages     241
Names of colors     244
Names of diseases     245
Autonyms (metalinguistic names)     246
Count, mass nouns, and clauses with a restricted proprial function     249
Count nouns     249
Mass nouns     250
Clauses     251
Conclusions     253
Dialinguistic aspects of Flemish personal names     256
Introduction     256
Geographical distribution of adult Flemish personal name patterns     257
Introduction     257
Taxonomy of personal name patterns in Flemish dialects     259
Historical and terminological preliminaries     259
Taxonomy of Flemish personal name patterns     260
Unary patterns     260
Binary patterns     260
Descriptive patterns on their way to becoming surnames      262
Geographical distribution of Flemish personal name patterns     262
Diachronic shift to the pattern [first name + surname] and its causes     265
Conclusions     267
Diachronic analysis of Flemish personal names     267
Introduction     267
Diachronic approaches     269
The etymological approach     269
Name fields     270
The paradigmatic/syntagmatic approach     271
The axiological approach     271
Diachronic classification of adult bynames and family names     271
Principles for the diachronic-semantic classification of bynames and family names     271
The distinction of word class vs. motivational structure     272
The paradigmatic vs. the syntagmatic parameter     274
More examples illustrating the distinction 'paradigmatic' vs. 'syntagmatic'     275
Filiation in the assignment of a name form     276
The use of tropes (metaphor, metonymy, irony) in the motivational structure of bynames     276
Formal correlates of the diachronic semantics of bynames     277
The paradigmatic (word) level     277
The syntagmatic (relational) level     278
Bynames [BNs] vs. family names [FNs]     280
Diachronic classification of Flemish family names and bynames     280
Origin     282
Characterization     284
Diachronic classification of juvenile byname patterns     287
Principles for the diachronic-semantic classification of juvenile bynames     287
Taxonomy of juvenile Flemish bynames     289
Origin     289
Characterization     290
Expressivity     292
Surnames of Flemish foundlings     295
Origin     296
Familial origin     296
Local origin     296
Temporal origin     297
Characterization     298
Purely formal names     299
Flemish nicknames for internet chatting     300
Psychological motivation     301
Semantic motivation     302
The category 'person'     302
The world in which the person lives     304
Conclusions     306
Socio-onomastic aspects of Flemish personal names     306
Introduction. Socio-onomastics     306
One-way traffic from society to names     307
Proper names, and especially personal names, as ideal socio-onomastic parameters     308
The name-giving system vs. the use of names     309
Socio-onomastic aspects of adult Flemish personal-name-giving     310
The gender parameter     311
At the synchronic level     311
At the diachronic level     312
The social class parameter     314
The structure [ title + personal name]     314
The pattern [first name + occupation]     315
The metonymical combination [first name + occupational nickname]     315
Conclusions     316
Socio-onomastic characteristics of juvenile Flemish byname-giving in contrast with the adult name-giving     317
Conclusions     320
General summary and conclusions     321
Notes     326
References     342
Subject index     370