Sentenced to Serve : The Operation and Impact of Community Service by Offenders Book

	Series Editor's Preface
	Acknowledgements
	Introduction
Ch. 1	Community service in Scotland	1
	The development of community service in England and Wales	3
	The development of community service in Scotland	8
Ch. 2	The research programme	19
	An evaluative study of community service by offenders in Scotland	19
	The comparative costs of community service and custody	26
	Sentencers' perceptions of community service by offenders	28
	Community service orders: assessing the benefit to the community	30
	Reconviction among offenders sentenced to community service	32
Ch. 3	Offenders, offences, orders and outcomes	35
	Who gets community service?	35
	Who is unsuitable for community service?	38
	The community service order	41
	The outcomes of orders	47
	Factors associated with non-compliance and breach	52
Ch. 4	Identifying effective practice	57
	Assessing offenders' suitability	57
	Matching offenders to work placements	61
	Time to complete	65
	Enforcement	68
	Work placements and outcomes	72
	The nature and impact of social work support	74
Ch. 5	A worthwhile experience?	82
	Offenders' attitudes towards community service	84
	Offenders' attitudes and placement characteristics	89
	What did offenders gain from community service?	93
	Continuing on a voluntary basis	98
	Is community service punitive?	100
Ch. 6	A worthwhile service?	104
	Individual beneficiaries	106
	The agency perspective	114
Ch. 7	Community service and custody	129
	The sentencing of unsuccessful referrals	133
	The outcomes of breaches and other revocations	134
	Risk of custody and custodial sentencing	137
	Sentencers' views	138
	Tariff escalation	142
	Informed consent	144
	The comparative costs of community service and custody	146
	Enhancing consistency of practice	147
Ch. 8	Offenders' experiences and subsequent reconviction	150
	Predicted likelihood of re-offending	153
	The rate of reconviction	154
	Reconviction while completing community service	156
	The nature and frequency of reconviction before and after community service	157
	Factors associated with reconviction	162
	How well are offenders able to predict whether they will re-offend?	170
	Some methodological issues	171
Ch. 9	Progress and prospects	174
	Community service: what has been achieved?	174
	The future of community service revisited	184
	Bibliography	189
	Index	198