Introduction to Intercultural Communication: Identities in a Global Community Book

PART I: Culture as Context for Communication
Chapter 1. The Dispute Over Defining Culture
Race
Culture
Superstitions
Globalization
Subgroup
From the Intercultural Perspective
Chapter 2. Defining Communication as an Element of Culture
Confucian Perspectives on Communication
Western Perspectives on Communication
Components of Communication
Communication Contexts
Intercultural Communication Ethics
Intercultural Communication Competence
Communication Approach
From the Intercultural Perspective
Chapter 3. Culture's Influence on Perception
Sensing
Our Senses and Their Limitations
Effect of Culture on Sensing
Perceiving
Selection
Organization
Interpretation
High Versus Low Context
The Concept of Face
A Case Study of Perception and Food
From the Intercultural Perspective
PART II: Communication Variables
Chapter 4. Barriers to Intercultural Communication
Anxiety
Assuming Similarity Instead of Difference
Ethnocentrism
Definition
Negative Effects on Communication
Stereotypes and Prejudice
Stereotypes
Prejudice
Case Study of Intercultural Communication Barriers:
China and the United States
Population
History
Regional Differences
China-U.S. Relationship Issues
From the Intercultural Perspective
Chapter 5. Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Behaviors as Cues
Nonverbal Communication as Intentional Communication
Definition
Functions
Knowing Culture Through Nonverbal Messages
Nonverbal Misinterpretations as a Barrier
Nonverbal Message Codes
Proxemics
Kinesics
Chronemics
Paralanguage
Silence
Haptics
Clothing and Physical Appearance
Territoriality
Olfactics
Case Study: The Wai in Thailand
From the Intercultural Perspective
Chapter 6. Language as a Barrier
Study of Language Origins
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Development of the Hypothesis
Applications
Translation Problems
Vocabulary Equivalence
Idiomatic Equivalence
Grammatical-Syntactical Equivalence
Experiential Equivalence
Conceptual Equivalence
Pidgins, Creoles, and Universal Languages
Pidgins
Creoles
Esperanto
Language as Nationalism
English: A History of Borrowed Words
The Spread of English
India
South Africa
Australia and New Zealand
Canada
United States
From the Intercultural Perspective
PART III: Cultural Values
Chapter 7. Dimensions of Culture
Individualism Versus Collectivism
Case Study: Japan as a Homogeneous Culture
Masculinity Versus Femininity
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Long-Term Versus Short-Term Orientation
Case Study: Singapore
Case Study: Commercial Airline Pilots
Case Study: China
From the Intercultural Perspective
Chapter 8. Dominant U.S. Cultural Patterns: Using Value Orientation Theory
Origins of U.S. Cultural Patterns
Pre-16th-Century Indigenous Americans
European Enlightenment
Regional Differences Resulting From Immigration
Forces Toward the Development of a Dominant Culture
Value Orientation Theory
What Is a Human Being's Relation to Nature?
The Individual-and-Nature Relationship
Science and Technology
Materialism
What Is the Modality of Human Activity?
Activity and Work
Efficiency and Practicality
Progress and Change
What Is the Temporal Focus of Human Life?
What Is the Character of Innate Human Nature?
Goodness
Rationality
Mutability
What Is the Relationship of the Individual to Others?
Individualism
Social Organization
Forces Toward the Development of Regional Cultures
The New Regions
From the Intercultural Perspective
Chapter 9. Comparative Cultural Patterns: Arab Culture
The Arab States
The Islamic Faith
Muhammad, the Prophet
The Koran
Religious Practices
Saudi Arabia
Geography
Discovery of Oil
Ruling Saud Family and Conservative Wahhabism
Oman
Dominant Cultural Patterns
Worldview
Activity Orientation
Time Orientation
Human Nature Orientation
Relational Orientation
Communication Barriers
Political Unrest and Terrorism
Westernization Versus Cultural Norms
Stereotypes
From the Intercultural Perspective
Chapter 10. Women, Families, and Children
Perspectives on Communication of Women
Status of Women
Human Development Index
Literacy and Education
Life Expectancy
Economics
Violence
Political Participation
Laws
Comparison of Individual Countries
Nordic Countries
Mexico
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Sub-Saharan Africa
Arab States
Status of Families
Marriage
Status of Children
From the Intercultural Perspective
Chapter 11. Contact Between Cultures
Colonialism
Hawai'i
Australia
Cultural Imperialism
Cultural Icons
Cultural Hegemony
Japanese Icon in Mexico
U.S. Cultural Icons
Diffusion Model
Roles
Case Study: Quality Circles
Convergence Model
Democracy in Bolivia and Botswana
Adapting the Message
Marketing Gerber Baby Foods Worldwide
Religious Missionary Work in New Guinea
From the Intercultural Perspective
PART IV: Cultures Within Cultures
Chapter 12. Immigration and Acculturation
Culture Shock
Stages of Culture Shock
Reverse Culture Shock
Symptoms
Third-Culture Kids
Immigration
Migration From Japan to Brazil and Peru
Migration to Argentina
Migration From the United States to Brazil
Recent Immigration to Western Europe
Immigration to the United States
Distribution Within the United States
Predictors of Acculturation
Similarity of Culture
Personal Characteristics and Experiences
Effect of Media and Transportation Advances
Categories of Acculturation
Citizenship Policies
Germany
Israel
United States
Japan
From the Intercultural Perspective
Chapter 13. Cultures in Marginalization and Separation and Segregation
Marginalization: The Hmong
History
Cultural Patterns
Marginalization: Russians in Latvia
Separation: The Amish
History
Values
Diversity Among the Amish
African Americans
Slavery
Segregation
German Reunification
Asian-American Cultures
Asian Immigration to the United States
Power
Indigenous Cultures
From the Intercultural Perspective
Chapter 14. Assimilation and Integration
Assimilation: Australia
Assimilation: U.S.
Melting Pot Concept
Post-Communist Russia
Integration: U.S.
From Melting Pot to Symphony and Stew
Asian-American Cultures
Hispanic Cultures
Postethnic United States
Communication Barriers in Integrated Societies
From the Intercultural Perspective
Chapter 15. Identity and Subgroups
Argot
Specialized Vocabulary
Argot and Subgroup Identity
Argot and Subgroup Boundaries
Argot and Meaning
Subgroup Media and Values
Examples of Subgroups
The Working Class
British Punk
Corporate Cultures
Labeling Subgroups as "Others"
Labeling
Claiming and Redefining the Label
Rejecting All Labels
Subgroup Indicators
Argot
Media and Marketing
Prejudice Against Subgroups
Homophobia
"Same Sex" Marriage or Marriage?
Assimilation of Subgroups
From the Intercultural Perspective
References
Glossary