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Written primarily in Greek, 1983 edition
Title: Alcestis
Kessinger Publishing
Item Number: 9781161420579
Publication Date: May 2010
Number: 1
Product Description: Alcestis
Universal Product Code (UPC): 9781161420579
WonderClub Stock Keeping Unit (WSKU): 9781161420579
Rating: 4.5/5 based on 2 Reviews
Image Location: https://wonderclub.com/images/covers/05/79/9781161420579.jpg
Weight: 0.200 kg (0.44 lbs)
Width: 0.000 cm (0.00 inches)
Heigh : 0.000 cm (0.00 inches)
Depth: 0.000 cm (0.00 inches)
Date Added: August 25, 2020, Added By: Ross
Date Last Edited: August 25, 2020, Edited By: Ross
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$99.99 | Digital |
| WonderClub (9290 total ratings) |
Rexo Otto
reviewed Alcestis on August 01, 2016What can I say about Sophocles' Oedipus Rex that has not already been said? Apart from the patricide and the infamous incest, this is an ancient tale of angst and overall calamity. But since I recently revisited it, this legendary tragedy hasn't left my mind.
"Look and learn all citizens of Thebes. This is Oedipus.
He, who read the famous riddle, and we hailed chief of men,
All envied his power, glory, and good fortune.
Now upon his head the sea of disaster crashes down."
I felt after reading the play that there was not really anything that Oedipus could have done to get himself out of his destiny. In fact, it seems that the more he attempts to get out of it, the deeper he is immersed in its inevitability. It is simply that there was no way for him to avoid doing it all and facing his fate. After hearing of the prophecy he flees because he doesn't want it to come true, but there is a lot that he does not know and a lot that he is not being told. His parents, when told by the oracles decided to sacrifice him. But he was saved by the compassionate nature of humanity. Later on, his step parents also leave him in ignorance, and in hiding the truth they are also making the prophecy come true.
The theme as I see it, therefore, is of fate versus freewill. However, there really does not seem to be any freewill here. Every decision that Oedipus makes only brings the revelation closer to being fulfilled.
But to fully understand Sophocles work, you have to know that for the ancient Greeks the word "tragedy" didn't mean "a lamentable, dreadful, or fatal event or affair; calamity; disaster." For them the idea of such a play, that had a certain and defined theme and structure, is about a person that because of a single tragic flaw becomes the victim of the gods. The specific purpose was called "catharsis", the audience watching the play should gain an emotional release that made your own trivial issues fade into insignificance. According to Aristotle's Poetics "the complexity of the plot is established through reversal, recognition and suffering." The tragedy is created, in part, by the complexity of its plot which leads towards the catharsis. The Chorus is crucial; its speeches are revealing. It is the cautious voice of collective wisdom. And from the very beginning of the play, the Chorus revealed the omen of disaster. This can all be summed up in the following lines:
"O god-
All come true, all busting to light!
O light- now let me look my last on you!
I stand revealed at last-"
Oedipus is a passionate man, who asks questions and takes risks. Despite his flaws and his sins, Oedipus is good and always seeks the truth no matter how devastating. In the end, he accepts the responsibility for his actions, his fate and punishment. Does he have free will or the ability to choose his own path or is everything in his life been predetermined? Indeed, despite the prophecy, it can never be denied that Oedipus and his parents had made the choices, not the oracle or the Gods. Is the very idea of carving out your eyes, after discovering your wife is your mother in this incredibly packed tragedy that alleviates so much the enormous pain that seems so causeless? Is the existential angst finally satisfies by the human need to identify the guilty that alleviates our human sensation of utter, senseless and chaotic misery?
This is what torments us, being humans: we have free will but we can never control everything. Oedipus's specific life events aren't exactly relatable to any of us, but the sensations are not less pertinent. Aren't we used to impending unconquerable doom? I ask myself, could ignorance lead us through hell? Oedipus Rex doesn't make us only question the role of the gods (or whatever may decide our fate nowadays: politicians, the economy, the news, and even our own expectations!), but above all the argument of fate and destiny, and whether we are able to live without external powers deciding our chances. It also makes us question who we are; whether our personalities, or other personal characteristics, are a kind of destiny in itself.
Where's our human freedom? More important: do you feel a prevailing sense of inevitability, no matter what you do?! Why are we always being judged, by ourselves and by the world? If we try to transpose the play to today, many questions are still left with no definite answers. For certain, we can choose what we want to become. The curse is that our capacities are finite; we are not gods. What happened to Oedipus was the torture of being human, can we escape this curse?
Oedipus Rex is a literary masterpiece! Highly recommended!
Matthew Hopson
reviewed Alcestis on October 20, 2012Οἰδίπους ΤÏÏαννος = Oedipus Tyrannus = Oedipus = Oedipus Rex = Oedipus the King (The Theban Plays #1), Sophocles
Oedipus the King, is an Athenian tragedy by SophoclesÙˆ that was first performed around 429 BC. Oedipus sent his brother-in-law Creon to ask advice of the oracle at Delphi concerning a plague ravaging Thebes.
Creon returns to report that the plague is the result of religious pollution, since the murderer of their former King, Laius, had never been caught. Oedipus vows to find the murderer and curses him for causing the plague. ...
عنوانها: «ادیپ شهریار»؛ «ادیبوس شاه»؛ «ادیبوس شهریار»؛ تاریخ نخستین خوانش روز بیست و ششم ماه آگوست سال 1974میلادی؛ و بار دیگر سال 2007میلادی
عنوان: ادیپ شهریار؛ نویسنده: سوÙوکلس؛ مترجم: شاهرخ مسکوب؛ در 96 ص؛ چاپ دوم با عنوان: ادیب در کلنوس؛ در 212ص؛ موضوع: نمایشنامه های نویسندگان یونانی - سده پنجم پیش از میلاد
عنوان: ادیپ شهریار؛ نویسنده: سوÙÙˆÚ©Ù„Ø› مترجم: Ùاطمه عربی؛ استهبان، 1387Ø› در 72ص؛ شابک: 9786005209006Ø›
عنوان: ادیبوس شاه؛ مترجم: ساسان قاسمی؛ تهران، جعÙری، 1387Ø› در 132ص؛ شابک: 9789646088733Ø›
عنوان: ادیبوس شهریار؛ مترجم: تهران، پژواک کیوان؛ 1389؛ در 14 ص؛ شابک: 9789648727890؛
قسمتی از نمایشنامه
.همسرایان: می‌خواهیم Øقیقت هیاهویی را Ú©Ù‡ تا به امروز بر سر زبانهاست بدانیم
..ادیپوس: وای بر من
.همسرایان: آرام باش تمنا می‌کنم
..ادیپوس: بسیار ناهنجار است. باری می‌گویم. من نارواترین بیداد را بر خود هموار کردم. من ستمی ناسزاوار بر خود هموار کردم. خدا می‌داند که اختیاری در کار نبود
.همسرایان: در چه کاری؟
..ادیپوس: در ازدواجی ننگین به خاطر شرم، نادانسته به زناشویی رسوایی دست زدم
.همسرایان: می‌گویند مادرت در این پیوند ننگین همسر تو بود
..ادیپوس: بیاد آوردن آن در ØÚ©Ù… مرگ من است. تازه این دو نیز(آنتیگنه Ùˆ ایسمنه) از آن منند
.همسرایان: نه
..ادیپوس: Ùرزندان Ù†Ùرین شده
.همسرایان: آه، خدایا
..ادیپوس: و میوه‌های بطن همان مادر
.همسرایان: دختران تو و
..ادیپوس: خواهرانم! آه خواهران پدر خود
.همسرایان: آیا پدرت را
..ادیپوس: باز هم رنجی دیگر و شکنجه‌ای تازه؟
.همسرایان: تو او را کشتی؟
..ادیپوس: آری اما به ØÙ‚
.همسرایان: به Øق؟
..ادیپوس: آری (ناشناخته، در راه) کسی را کشتم که می‌خواست مرا بکشد
داستان نمایشنامه
تقدیر چنین مقرر کرده‌، Ú©Ù‡ «ادیپ» شهریار، پدر خود را بکشد، Ùˆ با مادر خویش همبستر شود؛ Ùرمانیست ظالمانه، Ùˆ دوزخی؛ این ØÚ©Ù… را پدر Ùˆ مادر ادیب دریاÙته‌ اند، Ùˆ برای گریختن از آن، «ادیپ» کودک را، به چوپانی می‌سپارند، تا جانش را بگیرد؛ اما اگر ریختن خون Ø·Ùلی، بر پدر Ùˆ مادر او دشوار آید، بر چوپان ساده دلی نیز آسان نیست؛ چوپان لبخند معصومانه ÛŒ کودک را می‌بیند، Ùˆ او را به چوپانی دیگر، از دیار «کرنت» می‌سپارد؛ شبان دوم، او را نزد شاه کشور خویش می‌برد، Ùˆ کودک در دربار آن شاه، بزرگ می‌شود؛ «ادیب» در دوران جوانی به وسیله ÛŒ هاتÙان، از سرنوشت خود آگاه می‌شود، Ùˆ چون پدرخوانده، Ùˆ مادرخوانده‌ اش را پدر Ùˆ مادر Øقیقی خود می‌پندارد، برای گریز از سرنوشت، از آن دیار می‌گریزد؛ در راه به گردونه ÛŒ پیرمردی می‌رسد؛ پس از Ú¯Ùتگویی کوتاه، پیرمرد را (Ú©Ù‡ پدر واقعی او بوده) می‌کشد، Ùˆ به سوی شهر «تب» می‌تازد؛ بر دروازه ÛŒ آن شهر از دیرگاه ابوالهولی بوده، Ú©Ù‡ از مردمان معمائی می‌پرسیده، Ùˆ چون آنان در پاسخ درمی‌ماندند، طعمه ÛŒ مرگ می‌شدند؛ «ادیب» معمای ابوالهول (نماینده تقدیر) را پاسخ درست می‌گوید، Ùˆ ابوالهول بر خاک می‌اÙتد؛ ساکنان شهر «تب» به پاس این گره‌گشائی، شهریاری دیار خود را به «ادیپ» می‌بخشند، Ùˆ دست ملکه ÛŒ شهر (مادرادیپ) را، در دست او می‌گذارند؛ پس از سالها Ùرمانروائی، مرگ، Ùˆ طاعون بر آن شهر Ùرود می‌آید؛ Ùˆ چون «ادیب» خود سبب آن Ùاجعه را، از معبد کاهنان آپولو می‌پرسد؛ پاسخ می‌شنود Ú©Ù‡ گناهکار باید از میانه برخیزد؛ گناهکاری Ú©Ù‡ پدر خود را کشته، Ùˆ با مادرش هم‌بستر شده‌ است؛ «ادیپ» در جستجوی گناهکار پلید، پس از ماجراهایی، سرانجام به خود می‌رسد، Ùˆ چشمهای جهان بین خویش را برمی‌کند
تاریخ بهنگام رسانی 25/09/1399هجری خورشیدی؛ ا. شربیانی
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