History of Dogma Book

Chapter I.	Historical Survey	1
	The Old and New Elements in the formation of the Catholic Church	2
	The fixing of that which is Apostolic (Rule of Faith, Collection of Writings, Organization, Cultus)	5
	The Stages in the Genesis of the Catholic Rule of Faith, the Apologists	7
	Irenaeus, Tertullian, Hippolytus	9
	Clement and Origen	11
	Obscurities in reference to the origin of the most important Institutions	15
	Difficulties in determining the importance of individual Personalities	16
	Differences of development in the Churches of different countries	17
I.	Fixing and gradual Secularising of Christianity as a Church	18
Chapter II.	The setting up of the Apostolic Standards for Ecclesiastical Christianity. The Catholic Church	18
A.	The transformation of the Baptismal Confession into the Apostolic Rule of Faith	20
	Necessities for setting up the Apostolic Rule of Faith	21
	The Rule of Faith is the Baptismal Confession definitely interpreted	24
	Estimate of this transformation	27
	Irenaeus	27
	Tertullian	29
	Results of the transformation	31
	Slower development in Alexandria: Clement and Origen	32
B.	The designation of selected writings read in the Churches as New Testament Scriptures or, in other words, as a collection of Apostolic Writings	38
	Plausible arguments against the statement that up to the year 150 there was no New Testament in the Church	38
	Sudden emergence of the New Testament in the Muratorian Fragment, in (Melito) Irenaeus and Tertullian	43
	Conditions under which the New Testament originated	45
	Relation of the New Testament to the earlier writings that were read in the Churches	47
	Causes and motives for the formation of the Canon, manner of using and results of the New Testament	51
	The Apostolic collection of writings can be proved at first only in those Churches in which we find the Apostolic Rule of Faith; probably there was no New Testament in Antioch about the year 200, nor in Alexandria (Clement)	56
	Probable history of the genesis of the New Testament in Alexandria up to the time of Origen	60
	Addendum. The results which the creation of the New Testament produced in the following period	62
C.	The transformation of the Episcopal Office in the Church into an Apostolic Office. The History of the remodelling of the conception of the Church	67
	The legitimising of the Rule of Faith by the Communities which were founded by the Apostles	67
	By the "Elders"	68
	By the Bishops of Apostolic Churches (disciples of Apostles)	69
	By the Bishops as such, who have received the Apostolic Charisma veritatis	70
	Excursus on the conceptions of the Alexandrians	70
	The Bishops as successors of the Apostles	70
	Original idea of the Church as the Holy Community that comes from Heaven and is destined for it	73
	The Church as the empiric Catholic Communion resting on the Law of Faith	74
	Obscurities in the idea of the Church as held by Irenaeus and Tertullian	77
	By Clement and Origen	80
	Transition to the Hierarchical idea of the Church	83
	The Hierarchical idea of the Church: Calixtus and Cyprian	84
Appendix I.	Cyprian's idea of the Church and the actual circumstances	90
Appendix II.	Church and Heresy	90
Appendix III.	Uncertainties regarding the consequences of the new idea of the Church	93
Chapter III.	Continuation.--The Old Christianity and the New Church	94
	Introduction	94
	The Original Montanism	95
	The later Montanism as the dregs of the movement and as the product of a compromise	100
	The opposition to the demands of the Montanists by the Catholic Bishops: importance of the victory for the Church	104
	History of penance: the old practice	109
	The laxer practice in the days of Tertullian and Hippolytus	110
	The abolition of the old practice in the days of Cyprian	111
	Significance of the new kind of penance for the idea of the Church; the Church no longer a Communion of Salvation and of Saints, but a condition of Salvation and a Holy Institution and thereby a corpus permixtum	113
	After effect of the old idea of the Church in Cyprian	115
	Origen's idea of the Church	116
	Novatian's idea of the Church and of penance, the Church of the Catharists	118
	Conclusion: the Catholic Church as capable of being a support to society and the state	122
Addenda I.	The Priesthood	128
Addenda II.	Sacrifice	131
Addenda III.	Means of Grace. Baptism and the Eucharist	138
	Excursus to Chapters II. and III.--Catholic and Roman	149
II.	Fixing and gradual Hellenising of Christianity as a System of Doctrine
Chapter IV.	Ecclesiastical Christianity and Philosophy. The Apologists	169
1.	Introduction	169
	The historical position of the Apologists	169
	Apologists and Gnostics	170
	Nature and importance of the Apologists' theology	172
2.	Christianity as Philosophy and as Revelation	177
	Aristides	179
	Justin	179
	Athenagoras	188
	Miltiades, Melito	190
	Tatian	190
	Pseudo-Justin, Orat. ad Gr.	193
	Theophilus	194
	Pseudo-Justin, de Resurr	195
	Tertullian and Minucius	196
	Pseudo-Justin, de Monarch	199
	Results	199
3.	The doctrines of Christianity as the revealed and rational religion	202
	Arrangement	202
	The Monotheistic Cosmology	204
	Theology	205
	Doctrine of the Logos	206
	Doctrine of the World and of Man	212
	Doctrine of Freedom and Morality	214
	Doctrine of Revelation (Proofs from Prophecy)	215
	Significance of the History of Jesus	217
	Christology of Justin	220
	Interpretation and Criticism, especially of Justin's doctrines	225
Chapter V.	The Beginnings of an Ecclesiastico-theological interpretation and revision of the Rule of Faith in opposition to Gnosticism, on the basis of the New Testament and the Christian Philosophy of the Apologists; Melito, Irenaeus, Tertullian, Hippolytus, Novatian	231
1.	The theological position of Irenaeus and of the later contemporary Church teachers	231
	Characteristics of the theology of the Old Catholic Fathers, their wavering between Reason and Tradition	231
	Loose structure of their Dogmas	234
	Irenaeus' attempt to construct a systematic theology and his fundamental theological convictions	236
	Gnostic and anti-Gnostic features of his theology	237
	Christianity conceived as a real redemption by Christ (recapitulatio)	239
	His conception of a history of salvation	244
	His historical significance: conserving of tradition and gradual hellenising of the Rule of Faith	244
2.	The Old Catholic Fathers' doctrine of the Church	247
	The Antithesis to Gnosticism	247
	The "Scripture theology" as a sign of the dependence on "Gnosticism" and as a means of conserving tradition	250
	The Doctrine of God	253
	The Logos Doctrine of Tertullian and Hippolytus	256
	(Conceptions regarding the Holy Spirit)	261
	Irenaeus' doctrine of the Logos	262
	(Conceptions regarding the Holy Spirit)	266
	The views of Irenaeus regarding the destination of man, the original state, the fall and the doom of death (the disparate series of ideas in Irenaeus; rudiments of the doctrine of original sin in Tertullian)	267
	The doctrine of Jesus Christ as the incarnate son of God	275
	Assertion of the complete mixture and unity of the divine and human elements	275
	Significance of Mary	277
	Tertullian's doctrine of the two natures and its origin	279
	Rudiments of this doctrine in Irenaeus	283
	The Gnostic character of this doctrine	286
	Christology of Hippolytus	286
	Views as to Christ's work	288
	Redemption, Perfection	289
	Reconciliation	292
	Categories for the fruit of Christ's work	292
	Things peculiar to Tertullian	293
	Satisfacere Deo	294
	The Soul as the Bride of Christ	294
	The Eschatology	294
	Its archaic nature, its incompatibility with speculation and the advantage of connection with that	297
	Conflict with Chiliasm in the East	299
	The doctrine of the two Testaments	300
	The influence of Gnosticism on the estimate of the two Testaments, the complexus oppositorum; the Old Testament a uniform Christian Book as in the Apologists	301
	The Old Testament a preliminary stage of the New Testament and a compound Book	304
	The stages in the history of salvation	305
	The law of freedom the climax of the revelation in Christ	309
3.	Results to Ecclesiastical Christianity, chiefly in the West, (Cyprian, Novatian)	312
Chapter VI.	The Transformation of the Ecclesiastical Tradition into a Philosophy of Religion, or the Origin of the Scientific Theology and Dogmatic of the Church: Clement and Origen	319
(1)	The Alexandrian Catechetical School and Clement of Alexandria	319
	Schools and Teachers in the Church at the end of the second and the beginning of the third century; scientific efforts (Alogi in Asia Minor, Cappadocian Scholars, Bardesanes of Edessa, Julius Africanus, Scholars in Palestine, Rome and Carthage)	320
	The Alexandrian Catechetical School. Clement	323
	The temper of Clement and his importance in the History of Dogma; his relation to Irenaeus, to the Gnostics and to primitive Christianity; his philosophy of Religion	324
	Clement and Origen	331
(2)	The system of Origen	332
	Introductory: The personality and importance of Origen	332
	The Elements of Origen's theology; its Gnostic features	334
	The relative view of Origen	334
	His temper and final aim: relation to Greek Philosophy	335
	Theology as a Philosophy of Revelation, and a cosmological speculation	340
	Porphyry on Origen	341
	The neutralising of History, esoteric and exoteric Christianity	342
	Fundamental ideas and arrangement of his system	343
	Sources of truth, doctrine of Scripture	346
I.	The Doctrine of God and its unfolding	349
	Doctrine of God	349
	Doctrine of the Logos	352
	Clement's doctrine of the Logos	352
	Doctrine of the Holy Spirit	357
	Doctrine of Spirits	359
II.	Doctrine of the Fall and its consequences	361
	Doctrine of Man	363
III.	Doctrine of Redemption and Restoration	365
	The notions necessary to the Psychical	367
	The Christology	369
	The Appropriation of Salvation	375
	The Eschatology	377
	Concluding Remarks: The importance of this system to the following period	378