English Vocabulary, Vol. 1 Book

Chapter 1	Introduction
1.1	Matter and Its Properties	1
1.2	Conservation of Matter	3
1.3	Laws of Definite and Multiple Proportions	3
1.4	Energy and Conservation of Energy	6
1.5	Measurement	7
	Quiz: Introduction	12
Chapter 2	Stoichiometry, Chemical Arithmetic
2.1	The Mole	15
2.2	Atomic Weight	15
2.3	Molecular Weight and Formula Weight	17
2.4	Equivalent Weight	17
2.5	Balancing Chemical Equations	18
2.6	Calculations Based on Chemical Equations	20
2.7	Limiting-Reactant Calculations	22
2.8	Theoretical Yield and Percentage Yield	23
2.9	Percentage Composition	24
2.10	Density and Molecular Weight	26
2.11	Weight-Volume Relationships	27
	Quiz: Stoichiometry, Chemical Arithmetic	30
Chapter 3	Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
3.1	Atomic Spectra	33
3.2	The Bohr Theory of the Hydrogen Atom	33
3.3	Electric Nature of Atoms	38
3.4	The Wave Mechanical Model	41
3.5	Subshells and Electron Configuration	42
3.6	Isotopes	46
3.7	Transition Elements and Variable Oxidation Numbers	48
3.8	Periodic Table	48
3.9	Properties Related to the Periodic Table	49
	Quiz: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table	51
Chapter 4	Bonding
4.1	Types of Bonds	55
4.2	Intermolecular Forces of Attraction	57
4.3	Double and Triple Bonds	59
4.4	Resonance Structures	60
4.5	Electrostatic Repulsion and Hybridization	60
4.6	Sigma and Pi Bonds	62
4.7	Properties of Ionic Substances	63
4.8	Properties of Molecular Crystals and Liquids	63
	Quiz: Bonding	64
Chapter 5	Chemical Formulas
5.1	Chemical Formulas	67
5.2	Naming Compounds	67
5.3	Writing Formulas	69
5.4	Empirical and Molecular Formulas	70
Chapter 6	Types and Rates of Chemical Reactions
6.1	Types of Chemical Reactions	72
6.2	Measurements of Reaction Rates	73
6.3	Factors Affecting Reaction Rates	74
6.4	The Arrhenius Equation: Relating Temperature and Reaction Rate	74
6.5	Activation Energy	76
6.6	Reaction Rate Law	78
6.7	Collision Theory of Reaction Rates	80
	Quiz: Chemical Formulas - Types and Rates of Chemical Reactions	82
Chapter 7	Gases
7.1	Volume and Pressure	86
7.2	Boyle's Law	88
7.3	Charles' Law	90
7.4	Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures	91
7.5	Law of Gay-Lussac	93
7.6	Ideal Gas Law	94
7.7	Combined Gas Law	96
7.8	Avogadro's Law (The Mole Concept)	97
7.9	Real Gases	99
7.10	Graham's Law of Effusion and Diffusion	101
7.11	The Kinetic Molecular Theory	103
	Quiz: Gases	104
Chapter 8	Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes
8.1	Liquids	108
8.2	Heat of Vaporization and Heat of Fusion	109
8.3	Raoult's Law and Vapor Pressure	111
8.4	Boiling Point and Melting Point	112
8.5	Solids	113
8.6	Phase Diagram	114
8.7	Phase Equilibrium	115
	Quiz: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes	116
Chapter 9	Properties of Solutions
9.1	Types of Solutions	119
9.2	Concentration Units	119
9.3	The Solution Process	123
9.4	Heat of Solution	124
9.5	Solubility and Temperature	124
9.6	Effect of Pressures on Solubility	126
9.7	Fractional Crystallization	126
9.8	Fractional Distillation	126
9.9	Vapor Pressures of Solutions	127
9.10	Colligative Properties of Solutions	128
9.11	Osmotic Pressure	130
9.12	Interionic Attractions	132
	Quiz: Properties of Solutions	133
Chapter 10	Acids and Bases
10.1	Definitions of Acids and Bases	137
10.2	Properties of Acids and Bases	138
10.3	Factors Influencing the Strengths of Acids	139
Chapter 11	Acid-Base Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions
11.1	Ionization of Water, pH	140
11.2	Dissociation of Weak Electrolytes	143
11.3	Dissociation of Polyprotic Acids	145
11.4	Buffers	146
11.5	Hydrolysis	147
11.6	Acid-Base Titration: The Equivalence Point	150
11.7	Acid-Base Indicators	152
	Quiz: Acids and Bases - Acid-Base Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions	153
Chapter 12	Chemical Equilibrium
12.1	The Law of Mass Action	156
12.2	Kinetics and Equilibrium	158
12.3	Thermodynamics and Chemical Equilibrium	159
12.4	The Relationship Between K[subscript p] and K[subscript c]	161
12.5	Heterogeneous Equilibria	162
12.6	Le Chatelier's Principle and Chemical Equilibrium	163
	Quiz: Chemical Equilibrium	165
Chapter 13	Chemical Thermodynamics
13.1	Some Commonly Used Terms in Thermodynamics	170
13.2	The First Law of Thermodynamics	172
13.3	Reversible and Irreversible Processes	173
13.4	Enthalpy	174
13.5	Heat of Reaction	176
13.6	Hess' Law of Heat Summation	178
13.7	Standard States	179
13.8	Bond Energies	179
13.9	Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions	181
13.10	Entropy	181
13.11	The Second Law of Thermodynamics	182
13.12	Standard Entropies and Free Energies	183
	Quiz: Chemical Thermodynamics	184
Chapter 14	Oxidation and Reduction
14.1	Oxidation and Reduction	188
14.2	Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Using the Oxidation Number Method	189
14.3	Balancing Redox Equations: The Ion-Electron Method	190
14.4	Non-Standard-State Cell Potentials	193
14.5	Electrolytic Cells	194
14.6	Faraday's Law	195
14.7	Voltaic Cells	196
	Quiz: Oxidation and Reduction	199
	The Periodic Table	204