Tanker Operations: A Handbook for the Ship's Officer Book

	Preface To The Fourth Edition	xiii
	Preface To The First Edition	xvii
Chapter 1	Tank Vessel Design and Classification
	Oil Tanker	3
	Parcel Tanker	10
	Combination Carrier	13
	Barges	16
	Barriers	18
	Classification	19
	Development of the Supertanker	23
	Review	23
Chapter 2	Cargo Characteristics
	Bulk Liquid Cargoes	24
	Properties of Petroleum	25
	Flammability Characteristics of Bulk Liquid Cargoes	26
	Avoidance of the Flammable Range	29
	Classification of Petroleum	31
	Cargo Weight, Capacity, and Flow	32
	Toxicity--Measurement and Regulations	35
	Sources of Cargo Information	37
	Hazards	40
	Review	50
Chapter 3	Oil Exploration and the Refining Process
	Drilling	52
	Processing and Transporting	55
	Crude Oil	56
	Refining	59
	Building Products	62
	Blending	63
	Review	63
Chapter 4	Cargo Piping Systems
	Bottom Piping	64
	Deck Piping	70
	Cargo Hoses	78
	Cargo Transfer	80
	Pumproom Piping	85
	Basic Valve Types	87
	Special Valves	91
	Blanks	95
	Review	96
Chapter 5	Venting Systems and Vapor Control Operations
	Controlled Venting Systems	98
	Development of Vapor Control Systems	104
	Vapor Control System Components	105
	Closed Gauging	108
	High/Low Vapor Pressure Protection	111
	Operations	112
	Review	120
Chapter 6	Cargo Measurement and Calculation
	The Purpose of Cargo Measurement	121
	Parties Involved	122
	Terms of Sale	122
	Measurement Equipment	123
	Tank Structure and Measurement	125
	Measurement Procedures	130
	Equipment Use	134
	Preloading Inspection and Measurement	134
	Postloading Inspection and Measurement	136
	Predischarge Inspection and Measurement	140
	Postdischarge Inspection and Measurement	141
	Cargo Calculation	141
	Cargo Planning	144
	Load Lines and Zone Limitations	146
	Cargo Terms	150
	Loading to Final Draft	156
	Loading and Discharging Rates	156
	Review	157
Chapter 7	Cargo Pumps
	Kinetic Pumps	161
	Positive-Displacement Pumps and Eductors	175
	Review	180
Chapter 8	Cargo Transfer Operations
	Regulations	182
	Operations	197
	Topping-Off Operation	200
	Finishing Cargo Loading	201
	Offshore Moorings	203
	Discharging Operation	204
	Review	209
Chapter 9	Chartering and Operations
	Vessel Ownership	211
	Types of Charter Agreements	212
	The Charter Party	213
	Terms of the Charter Party	215
	Pricing	224
	Freight Rate	225
	Review	228
Chapter 10	Vetting Inspections
	Inspections	229
	The Crew's Role in Vetting	231
	Review	237
Chapter 11	Ballasting and Deballasting Operations
	Ballasting Operations	238
	Deballasting Operations	245
	Review	249
Chapter 12	Tank Cleaning Operations
	Equipment	253
	Crude-Oil-Washing (COW)	263
	Supplemental Cleaning	270
	Tank Coatings	271
	Review	273
Chapter 13	Enclosed Space Entry
	Risks Associated with Enclosed Space Entry	274
	Gas-Freeing Process	278
	Testing	280
	Entry Procedure	284
	Instrumentation	289
	Review	294
Chapter 14	Pollution Regulations
	Sources of Pollution from Tank Vessels	295
	Federal Pollution Legislation	296
	International Pollution Legislation, MARPOL	298
	Pollution Reduction Efforts	304
	Review	304
Chapter 15	Inert Gas Systems
	Sources of Inert Gas	307
	General Requirements for an Inert Gas System	308
	System Components	308
	Emergency Procedures	322
	Gas Replacement	322
	Inert Gas Generators	324
	Nitrogen Systems	326
	Precautions in the Use of IG Systems	327
	Review	329
Chapter 16	Emergency Procedures
	Pumproom Rescue	331
	Oil Spill	332
	Grounding	333
	Collision	334
	Fire--General Guidelines	335
	Fire--Cargo Manifold	335
	Fire--Mast or King Post Vent	336
	Fire--Cargo Pumproom	337
Appendix	Conversion Factors	339
	Glossary	341
	Bibliography	356
	Index	359
	About The Author And Contributors	374