Jesus Christ: Fundamentals of Christology Book

	Introduction	xiii
	List of Abbreviations	xix
	Biblical Abbreviations	xx
Part I	Christology of the New Testament
Chapter I	The Method of Biblical Christology	3
1.	Critique of the "Liberal Quest," the "New Quest," and the "Third Quest" for the Historical Jesus	5
2.	Reflections on the Method of Historiography in General	15
3.	A Theological History of Jesus	19
4.	The Historical Foundations of Faith in Jesus	22
a.	The criterion of double dissimilarity	25
b.	The criterion of embarrassment	26
c.	The personal style of Jesus	27
d.	Multiple attestation	28
e.	The criterion of necessary explanation	29
Chapter II	The Death and Resurrection of Jesus	32
A.	The Crucifixion of Jesus	33
B.	The Resurrection	34
1.	Sources	34
a.	The earliest kerygma of the resurrection in Paul's interpretation (1 Cor 15:3-8)	34
b.	The resurrection narratives in the Gospels and Acts	42
(1)	The appearance narratives	42
(2)	The empty tomb narratives	46
2.	Historical Facts Connected with the Origin of Faith in the Resurrection	48
3.	Hypotheses Denying Any Form of Resurrection	50
4.	Various Interpretations of the Resurrection of Jesus	54
5.	The Resurrection in Fundamental Theology	65
a.	The epistemological question regarding the appearances	65
b.	The credibility of the resurrection	68
Chapter III	The Beginning of the Gospel	72
1.	The Virginal Conception of Jesus	72
2.	"The brothers and sisters of Jesus"	77
3.	The Holy Family	81
4.	Is Jesus "the Son of David"?	85
5.	The twelve-year-old Jesus in the Temple	87
6.	"The private life of Jesus" before his public ministry	90
Chapter IV	Jesus and the Kingdom	93
1.	The baptism of Jesus by John	93
2.	The temptations of Jesus	98
3.	The outline of the public ministry of Jesus	104
4.	The message of Jesus: the reign of God is at hand	106
5.	The miracles of Jesus	110
a.	The phenomenon of the miracle in the public ministry of Jesus	110
b.	Historical foundations for the miracle accounts	113
c.	Theological and philosophical considerations	115
6.	The multiplication of loaves: a turning point in the ministry of Jesus?	118
Chapter V	The Kingdom and the Death of Jesus	121
1.	"Get behind me, Satan!"	121
2.	The Last Supper and the Kingdom	124
3.	The sacrifice of the Servant	126
4.	"My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?"	130
5.	Foretelling his resurrection?	130
6.	The Kingdom and the end of this world	132
7.	The implicit Christology of Jesus	136
Chapter VI	The Understanding of the Mystery of Christ in the Apostolic Church	148
A.	"According to the Scriptures"	150
1.	"In all the Scriptures" (Lk 24:27)	150
2.	The Suffering Servant of Yahweh	153
3.	The Son of Man	155
4.	Jesus the new eschatological Israel	157
5.	Jesus as High Priest and Perfect Sacrifice	158
6.	Jesus the Messiah	161
7.	Jesus as son of Adam and the last Adam	163
8.	Jesus as the final and complete theophany of God	164
9.	The unexpected newness of the New Testament	168
B.	Jesus as "Lord," "Son of God," and "God"	169
1.	Jesus is Lord	169
2.	Jesus is the Son of God	176
3.	Jesus is God	181
4.	The value of the Old Testament for the contemporary Christian	183
Part II	Historical Christology
	Introduction: Patristic Christology	189
1.	The character and significance of patristic Christology	189
2.	The relationship between Christianity and non-Christian religions	191
Chapter I	The Soteriology of the Fathers	196
1.	Sin	197
2.	Redemption	198
a.	The metaphysical foundation of redemption	200
b.	Christ as mediator	201
c.	"He who descended is the very one who ascended"	203
d.	"Admirabile commercium"	204
e.	Redemption as victory and deliverance	209
f.	Redemption as sacrifice	212
g.	Christ as Teacher and Example	214
h.	Redemption as uniting all creation to God	217
3.	Conclusion	220
Chapter II	The Christology of the Fathers	222
1.	Docetism and Gnosticism	223
2.	Adoptionism	226
3.	Arianism	227
4.	Apollinarianism	229
5.	Christological development in the West	232
6.	The School of Alexandria	235
7.	The School of Antioch	236
8.	The Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon (431, 451)	240
9.	The Second and Third Councils of Constantinople (553, 680-681)	248
Chapter III	Medieval Christology	251
1.	St. Bernard of Clairvaux	251
2.	St. Anselm of Canterbury	256
3.	St. Thomas	260
Chapter IV	Christology of the Reformation	267
1.	Luther	267
2.	John Calvin	278
3.	Liberal Protestant Christology	284
a.	Kant	285
b.	Hegel	289
c.	Schleiermacher	295
Chapter V	Protestant Christologies in the Twentieth Century	299
1.	Crisis Theology	299
2.	Rudolph Bultmann	300
3.	Karl Barth	306
4.	Dietrich Bonhoeffer	316
Part III	Systematic Christology
	Introduction: The Unity of the Mystery of Christ	327
Chapter I	Sin as a Threefold Alienation	331
1.	Sin	331
2.	The punishment of sin	336
3.	The need for redemption	339
4.	Why redemption through the death of God's Incarnate Son?	340
Chapter II	The Mystery of the Incarnation	343
1.	The Old Testament: God entering into solidarity with humankind through Israel	343
2.	A new stage in solidarity with humankind: God has become a human being	344
3.	The immanent Trinity as the metaphysical condition for divine freedom in the incarnation	347
4.	The feminist critique of the Christian mysteries	349
a.	Historical considerations	350
b.	Systematic considerations	353
5.	The ontological aspect of the hypostatic union	358
6.	The psychological aspect of the hypostatic union	361
7.	The intelligibility of the incarnation as a mystery of Trinitarian love	368
8.	The incarnation as an existential process	372
a.	The Word becoming a human being	373
b.	Jesus the human being "becoming God"	375
Chapter III	The Humanity of the Son	378
1.	What does it mean for all of us that the Son has taken on human nature as his own?	378
2.	Why human nature?	379
3.	Why only one incarnation?	382
4.	Why has the Son assumed our fallen nature?	385
5.	The human knowledge of Jesus	389
a.	The common human knowledge of Jesus	389
b.	Jesus' knowledge of God	390
6.	The human will of the Son	393
Chapter IV	Redemption as Assumption of Humankind into Trinitarian Communion	397
1.	The role of the Father	397
2.	The role of the incarnate Son	401
a.	The unique character of the suffering of Jesus	401
b.	In Jesus God himself died for us	403
c.	The self-giving of Jesus to God on the cross as the reversal of our alienation	404
d.	The sacrifice of Jesus	406
e.	The sacrifice of Christ as satisfaction	409
3.	The role of the Holy Spirit in redemption	415
4.	The final goal of our redemption	420
5.	The "redemption" of the material world	425
Chapter V	The Universal Significance of Christ in the Context of Other Religions	430
1.	What can the history of religions tell us about the significance of Christian revelation?	431
2.	What does Christian revelation say about its own place among other religions?	437
3.	How can we accept Christ as the fullness of God's revelation and universal Savior?	439
Chapter VI	Christ and Possible Other Universes and Extraterrestrial Intelligent Beings	442
1.	Biblical-historical considerations	443
a.	Concerning other universes	443
b.	Concerning intelligent extraterrestrial beings	443
2.	Systematic considerations	446
	Conclusion	451
Appendix	Relationship Between Anthropology and Christology	454
	St. Bernard, A Teacher For Our Age	454
I.	The Universality of Salvation and the Structure of Salvation History	456
II.	The Misery of Fallen Man: The Threefold Alienation	458
III.	The Descent of God and the First Phase of Man's Redemption	461
IV.	The Mystery of Redemption: Liberation, Satisfaction, Sacrifice, Buying Man Back at a Precious Price	467
V.	The Ascension of Christ and Man's Ascension	472
	Conclusions: The Importance of St. Bernard's Christology for Our Age	480
	Reader's Guide: How To Use the Book for Different Purposes	485
	Index	523