Analysis of Risks Associated with Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Dismantling and Disposal Book

	Preface
	Overview of the 1995 NATO ARW on Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems	3
	A Structured Methodology for Multiple Stakeholder Involvement in the Management of Risks from Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Disposal	9
	Russian Nuclear Submarine Utilisation Probabilistic Risk Assessment	17
	Monitoring Control Levels of Radioactive Contamination of the Sea Water at Nuclear Submarines Decommissioning and Establishment of Criteria of Intervention	19
	Normative-Legal Aspects of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Provision during Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Storage and Utilization	23
	Risk Analysis and Safety Measures as Applied to Long-Term Waterborne Storage of Russian Northern Fleet Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines	29
	Enhancement of Safety at Storaging Nuclear Power Plants of Warships Removed from Operation Pending their Decommissioning	33
	Accident Risk Associated with Fuelled Decommissioned Nuclear Powered Submarines	41
	Risk Assessments for Non-Defuelled, Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines: a NATO/CCMS/NACC Pilot Study	53
	The Present State and Problems of Radioecological Monitoring of the Pacific Fleet Objects and Territories	65
	Assessment and Predication for Radiation and Hygienic Consequences from Operation of Naval Nuclear Sites and Facilities	71
	Analysis of Radioactivity Release from Second Generation Nuclear Submarines Reactor Compartment during Prolonged Storage Afloat after Unloading Spent Nuclear Fuel	81
	Nuclear Risks from Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines with Non-Defueled Reactors	87
	Possibilities for Reducing Radiation and Ecological Impact upon Personnel and the Environment in the Course of Temporary Keeping, Scrapping and Long-Term Storage of Nuclear Submarines	95
	The BR3 Decommissioning Project: a Pilot for Submarine Reactors	103
	Methodology of Cost Assessment of Radiation Risk and Annual Man-Rem during Dismantling Work in Russian Nuclear Energy and Industry	121
	Alternatives for Disposition of Nuclear Facilities in the United States	131
	Problems of Safe Application of Laser Technological Process for Disassembly of the Nuclear Installations of NSM	137
	Comparative Estimation of Various Technologies of Nuclear Powered Submarines Disintegration from the Point of View of Radiating and Ecological Safety	145
	Risks Encountered in Nuclear Decommissioning and their Applicability to Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning	155
	Issues of Personnel Protection from Toxic Materials Penetrating into the Atmosphere of Working Sites under Conditions of Nuclear Submarine Recycling	165
	Geological Aspects of Handling of Radioactive Wastes (RAW) and Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) In Decommissioning of Nuclear Submarines (NS)	171
	On the Possibility of Underwater Storage of Defueled Nuclear Submarine Reactor Compartments	187
	Dynamic Modeling of Physical Phenomena for Probabilistic Assessment of Spent Fuel Accidents	201
	A Potential Method for Stabilization and Packaging of Damaged Naval Spent Fuel	217
	Risks Posed by Out of Service Russian Nuclear Submarines and Proposed Methods to Minimize the Risks	223
	Ecological Estimate of Various Methods for Handling Radioactive Materials and Constructions in Course of the NPS Utilization	237
	Minimizing the Risks Associated with Low and Medium Activity Waste Processing and Disposal	243
	Training as a Part of Risk Minimization Process and Staff Security	249
	Principal Solutions on Environment Protection from the Spent Nuclear Fuel of Stationary and Transportable Nuclear Power Plants with the Use of Metal and Concrete Containers	257
	Problems of Utilization of Cores and Nuclear Submarine Compartments with Lead-Bismuth Cooled Reactors	261
	Assessment of Environmental Safety for Long Storage of Reactor Compartments Enclosing Radioactive Equipment of Nuclear Stem Supply System from Nuclear Submarines Being Utilized	267
	Experience of the NPS Utilization at the Enterprise "Zvyozdochka" and Ecological and Safety Problems	283
	Design Support to Minimize the Risk of the Environmental Impact of Damaged Nuclear Steam-Generating Plants of Russian Nuclear Submarines during their Long-Term Storage in Sarcophaguses	291
	Nuclear Fuel Cycle for Russian Ship Spent Nuclear Fuel: Reprocessing or Direct Disposal?	303
	Current State and Key Problems of Nuclear Submarine Utilization in Russia	313
	Conclusions	319
	Major Ecological Problems Related to Operation and Decommissioning of Nuclear Submarines	325
	Radioecological Hazards from Decommissioning and Recycling of Nuclear Propelled Ships	331
	Hazard of Accident and Wrecked Nuclear Powered Submarines: How Can the Mankind Solve the Problem?	339
	Creation of Antimigration Barriers for Restoration of Aquifers Contaminated with Radwaste	355
	Application of Laser Technology for Decontamination of Steels and Alloys Used in Nuclear Power Industry	361
	Main Position of Conception of the Underground Localization in Permafrost of Large-Sized Radiation-Dangerous Object (LSO) Formed in North-West Region of Russia	365
	The Concept of Radioecologically Safe, Industrial Process for Recycling of Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines	377
	Radioactive Waste Management at Enterprises of the Russian Ministry of Economy, Conceptual Considerations	383
	Legal and Technical-Standard Ensuring of Nuclear Powered Submarines Utilization in Russia	393
	Integrated Method for Radiological Decontamination of Metal Surfaces and Treatment of Spent Solutions	397
	Small Mobile Installation for Reprocessing of Radioactive Waste from Technological Circuits of Nuclear Power Facilities of Nuclear Submarines Subject to Recycling	405
	Development of Safe Technologies for Handling Liquid Radioactive Waste at Naval Sites/Facilities: Experience and Prospects	419
	Utilization of Europium-Containing Control Rods by Development of Gamma-Europium Sources	425
	Basis for Diagnostics and Forecast of the State of Nuclear Wastes at the Bottom of the Barents and Kara Seas and the Sea of Japan. (Afterword to the "White Book")	433
	List of Contributors	439