At-Risk Students: Portraits, Policies, Programs, and Practices Book

	Introduction	1
Pt. 1	Portraits	5
Ch. 1	At-Risk Students: Insights from/about Research	7
Ch. 2	The Purpose of Portraits: Rethinking the Form and Function of Research on At-Risk Students	37
Ch. 3	"Nobody Knows My Life But Me!" The Story of Ben, A Reading Disabled Adolescent	49
Ch. 4	Ways of Being At Risk: The Case of Billy Charles Barnett	79
Ch. 5	Ellen, A Deferring Learner	89
Ch. 6	Andy and Libby: At Risk or Undervalued?	103
Ch. 7	Karen: An Interaction of Gender Role and Reading Disability	111
Ch. 8	"Something to Keep the Relationship Holding": Victoria, A Pregnant Adolescent	119
Ch. 9	Andrew: The Story of a Gifted At-Risk Student	135
Ch. 10	Alston and Everetta: Too Risky for School?	153
Ch. 11	Paul: Differentiating Disorder and Intervention	173
Pt. 2	Policies, Programs, and Practices	189
Ch. 12	Structuring for Idiosyncracy: Rethinking Policies, Programs, and Practices for At-Risk Students	191
Ch. 13	Placing Children At Risk: Schools Respond to Reading Problems	197
Ch. 14	"Teacher, Why Am I Failing? I Know the Answers": The Effects of Developmentally Inappropriate Assessment	219
Ch. 15	"A Different Kind of Responsibility": Social and Academic Engagement of General-Track High School Students	229
Ch. 16	Direction with Discretion: Reading Recovery as an Example of Balancing Top-Down and Bottom-Up Decision Making	247
Ch. 17	In the Shadow of the Excellence Reports: School Restructuring for At-Risk Students	265
Ch. 18	Emergent Spanish Literacy in a Whole Language Bilingual Classroom	291
Ch. 19	"It's Not a Perfect World": Defining Success and Failure at Central Park East Secondary School	323
Ch. 20	Creating a Culture of Writers with At-Risk Students	343
Ch. 21	A Teacher Reflects on His Urban Classroom	369
Ch. 22	The Risk of Writing Outside the Margins: A Reexamination of the Notion of Access	381
Ch. 23	A Policy Perspective: Overcoming Gridlock Beyond Schools	395
	Postscript: In Search of a Bottom Line	401
	References	403
	Index	427