Origins of the Gulf Wars Book

	Preface
	Acknowledgements
	Introduction	1
Ch. 1	Ideology in the Middle East	11
	Islam and Western Ideologies in the Middle East	17
	Nationalism	18
	Nationalism and Modernization	20
	Islam and Patrimonialism	22
Ch. 2	Oil and Arms: Background to Modernization	30
	Modernization and the Military	33
	The Role of Oil	34
Ch. 3	The Role of the Superpowers	44
	The American Experience	51
	The Iranian-American Relationship	53
	The Carter Doctrine	55
	The Post-Revolutionary Period	56
	The Soviet Experience	56
Ch. 4	Iran: Recent History and Military Policies	61
	The Armed Forces	63
	The White Revolution	69
	The Politics of Personal Leadership	76
	The Shah's Military Programs	80
	The Islamic Revolution	80
	Khomeini's Destruction of the Old Regime	83
	The Foreign Policies of the Islamic Revolution	88
Ch. 5	Iraq: Recent History and Military Policies	101
	Iraqi Armed Forces	102
	The Evolution of Iraqi Military Regimes	104
	Soviet-Iraqi Ties	107
	Iraq: 1968-1979	113
	Prelude to the Gulf War	115
	The First Gulf War: the Iran-Iraq Conflict	118
	The Last Phase of the Iran-Iraq War	122
	The Second Gulf War: 1991	126
Ch. 6	Saudi Arabia: Recent History and Military Policies	132
	Saudi Foreign Policy	139
Ch. 7	The Wars	148
	At Sea	151
	In the Air	151
	The Second Gulf War	154
	Conclusion	160
	A Note on Sources	166
	Note on Transliteration	167
	Selected Bibliography	168
	Index	205