What Is Genocide? Book

Preface and Acknowledgements     viii
Introduction     1
The Sociological Crime: Social classification and genocide     3
Studying genocide?     4
Disciplining the study of genocide     6
Sociology and the sociological crime     9
Revisiting concepts and classification     11
Contradictions of Genocide Theory     15
Neglected Foundations: Genocide as social destruction and its connections with war     17
Lemkin's sociological framework     18
Genocide and the laws of war     23
Separation of genocide from war     26
Narrowing genocide to physical destruction     28
Conclusion     33
The Maximal Standard: The significance of the Holocaust     37
Holocaust 'uniqueness'     38
The Holocaust standard in comparative study     42
Holocausts and genocides     45
The Minimal Euphemism: The substitution of 'ethnic cleansing' for genocide     48
Origins of 'cleansing' terminology     48
'Cleansing' and genocide     50
'Non-genocidal' expulsions?     54
Peaceful, legal 'transfers' and 'exchanges'?     58
The territorial dimension     61
Conceptual Proliferation: The many '-cides' of genocide     63
New frameworks: murderous cleansing and democide     63
Ethnocide and cultural genocide     65
Gendercide     67
Politicide     69
Classicide     72
Urbicide     75
Auto-genocide     76
Genocide as a framework     77
Sociology of Genocide     79
From Intentionality to a Structural Concept: Social action, social relations and conflict     81
Intention in the light of a sociology of action     82
Limits of intentionality     89
Social relations and a structure of conflict     93
Elements of Genocidal Conflict: Social groups, social destruction and war     71
Social groups in genocide     97
The destruction of groups     105
Genocide as war     109
The Missing Concept: The civilian category and its social meaning     113
The civilian enemy     114
Civilians in international law     117
Social production of civilians     122
Civilians, combatants and social stratification     127
Civilian resistance and genocidal war     129
Explanations: From modernity to warfare      131
Types of genocide     132
Modernity     133
Culture and psychology     137
Economy     139
Politics     140
Warfare     145
Domestic and international     148
Conclusion     151
The Relevance of Conceptual Analysis: Genocide in twenty-first-century politics     153
A new definition     154
New historic conditions for genocide?     157
Contemporary challenge: the case of Darfur     162
Notes     172
References and Bibliography     196
Index     209