Chemistry For Pharmacy Students Book

Preface     ix
Introduction     1
Role of chemistry in modern Life     1
Physical properties of drug molecules     3
Atomic structure and bonding     17
Atoms, elements and compounds     17
Atomic structure: orbitals and electronic configurations     18
Chemical bonding theories: formation of chemical bonds     21
Electronegativity and chemical bonding     27
Bond polarity and intermolecular forces     28
Significance of chemical bonding in drug-receptor interactions     31
Stereochemistry     35
Stereochemistry: definition     36
Isomerism     36
Significance of stereoisomerism in determining drug action and toxicity     53
Synthesis of chiral molecules     55
Separation of stereoisomers: resolution of racemic mixtures     56
Compounds with stereocentres other than carbon     57
Chiral compounds that do not have a tetrahedral atom with four different groups     57
Organic functional groups     59
Organic functional groups: definition and structural features     60
Hydrocarbons     61
Alkanes, cycloalkanes and their derivatives     61
Alkenes and theirderivatives     103
Alkynes and their derivatives     108
Aromatic compounds and their derivatives     112
Heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives     143
Nucleic acids     170
Amino acids and peptides     179
Importance of functional groups in determining drug actions and toxicity     184
Importance of functional groups in determining stability of drugs     188
Organic reactions     191
Types of organic reaction     191
Radical reactions: free radical chain reactions     192
Addition reactions     197
Elimination reactions: 1,2-elimination or [beta]-elimination     223
Substitution reactions     232
Hydrolysis     260
Oxidation-reduction reactions     264
Pericyclic reactions     278
Natural product chemistry     283
Introduction to natural product drug discovery process     283
Alkaloids     288
Carbohydrates     303
Glycosides     319
Terpenoids     331
Steroids     352
Phenolics     359
Index     371