Migration, Integration and Crime in Europe Book

List of Illustrations

Foreword

Acknowledgements

Introduction 1

1 The debate on immigration and criminality: past and present 16

1.1 Immigration and criminality: some basic questions 16

2 The research project 42

2.1 Objectives and methods of research 42

2.2 The countries covered by the research 44

2.3 The non-national populations covered by the research: some preliminary remarks 45

3 National and non-national population in Western Europe 47

3.1 Population of Western Europe and its evolution in time 47

3.2 Immigration and the presence of non-nationals in Europe: what has changed? 53

3.3 Immigrant influxes and the origin of non-nationals 62

4 Criminality in the countries of Western Europe 70

4.1 Criminality and social control 70

4.2 Immigrants and criminality in Western Europe: easy stereotypes, difficult realities 75

4.3 Further remarks on variations of non-national population and variations of criminality: what if the explanation is not immigration? 109

5 Non-nationals in prison, non-nationals charged 115

5.1 Some data 115

5.2 Non-nationals' incarceration index 125

6 Indicators of socio-economic condition, integration and origin 132

6.1 Integration: a complex concept and five models 132

6.2 Socio-economic and cultural differences between the host countries 141

6.3 Differences in the integration of non-nationals in the various countries 149

6.4 Differences in the origin of non-nationals present in the various countries 154

6.5 Association between the incarceration index and the socio-economic parameters in the various European countries 156

Summary and conclusions 162

Notes 173

Bibliography 174

Appendix I Crime rates and foreign-borns in the USA 187

Appendix II Non-nationals and crime rates in Western Europe 188

Appendix III Non-nationals in prison and characteristics of the various European countries 194

Index 197