The Archaeology of Africa Book

	List of contributors
	Foreword
	Preface
	Radiocarbon dates
	Introduction	1
1	Africa's climate in the Holocene	32
2	The climatic and vegetational history of the equatorial regions of Africa during the upper Quaternary	43
3	The tropical African cereals	53
4	The spread of domestic animals in Africa	61
5	Ethnographic and linguistic evidence for the prehistory of African ruminant livestock, horses and ponies	71
6	Nilo-Saharans and the Saharo-Sudanese Neolithic	104
7	Recent developments in African language classification and their implications for prehistory	126
8	Linguistic evidence for the use of some tree and tuber food plants in southern Nigeria	139
9	Examination of botanical remains from early neolithic houses at Nabta Playa, Western Desert, Egypt, with special reference to sorghum grains	154
10	Foraging and farming in Egypt: the transition from hunting and gathering to horticulture in the Nile valley	165
11	The emergence of a food-producing economy in the Sahara	227
12	Identifying early farming traditions of west Africa	240
13	The Kintampo complex: a case study of early sedentism and food production in sub-Sahelian west Africa	255
14	Intensification in the west African Late Stone Age: a view from central Ghana	261
15	Agriculture and settlement among the Tiv of Nigeria: some ethno-archaeological observations	274
16	Central Africa and the archaeology of the equatorial rainforest: reflections on some major topics	289
17	Transition from Late Stone Age to Iron Age in the Sudano-Sahelian zone: a case study from the Perichadian plain	330
18	The antiquity of cultivation and herding in Ethiopia	344
19	The beginnings of food production in southwestern Kenya	358
20	The rise and fall of nomadic pastoralism in the central Namib desert	372
21	The iron age peoples of east-central Botswana	386
22	Iron age settlement and subsistence patterns in southern Malawi	391
23	A question of identities: an anthropological enquiry and a historical narrative	399
24	A perspective on archaeological research in Mozambique	409
25	New evidence on early iron-smelting from southeastern Nigeria	432
26	Changing perspectives on traditional iron production in west Africa	449
27	Iron technology in the middle Sahel/Savanna: with emphasis on central Darfur	459
28	Iron-making techniques in the Kivu region of Zaire: some of the differences between the South Maniema region and north Kivu	468
29	Ancient iron-working in Madagascar	478
30	The iron-using communities in Kenya	484
31	Metaphors and representations associated with precolonial iron-smelting in eastern and southern Africa	499
32	The magical production of iron in the Cameroon Grassfields	512
33	Town and village in ancient Egypt: ecology, society and urbanization	551
34	Urbanism in bronze age Egypt and northeast Africa	570
35	The land of Punt	587
36	State development and urbanism in northern Ethiopia	609
37	Cities without citadels: understanding urban origins along the middle Niger	622
38	Urbanization and state formation in Ghana during the Iron Age	642
39	The salt industries of west Africa: a preliminary study	652
40	Trade and politics on the eastern littoral of Africa, AD 800-1300	658
41	Exploitation of marine resources: evidence for the origin of the Swahili communities of east Africa	673
42	Coast-interior settlements and social relations in the Kenya coastal hinterland	694
43	Urban trajectories on the Zimbabwean plateau	705
44	Settlement area and communication in African towns and cities	732
	References	750
	Index	835