Indonesia : The Political Economy of Energy Book

	Abbreviations
1	The Giant from the Shadows: The Political and Economic Context of Indonesia's Energy Resources	1
	Before Independence: The Colonial Treasure House	1
	'Earth Oil': The Early Days of the Oil Industry	4
	Independence and the Sukarno Years	7
	Stability and Growth: The Long Presidency	16
2	The Development of Oil Production: The Future of Upstream Oil	33
	Oil Reserves and the Resource Base	33
	The Development of Production Sharing and its Impact on Oil Production	37
	The Development of Oil Production	57
	The Outlook for Future Production	62
	Oil Exporting Policy	70
3	The Challenge for Downstream Oil: The Domestic Energy Scene	82
	The Energy Balance and the Growth of the Markets	82
	Imbalances in the Supply and Demand of Petroleum Products	89
	Refining Policy	92
	Liquefied Petroleum Gas	92
	Petrochemicals	99
	The Outlook for Oil: Can the 'Oil Squeeze' be Avoided?	101
4	Natural Gas: The Basis for Future Prosperity	107
	The Resource Base	107
	Present Production, Structure and Contractual Conditions	109
	Trade in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)	111
	Contractual Terms for Gas Sales	114
	The Domestic Market	117
	The Future for Gas	121
5	More Energy Sources: The Alternatives	129
	Coal	129
	Hydropower	135
	Geothermal	136
	Nuclear Power	138
	Other Energy Sources	141
6	The Means to the End: Policy, Pertamina and the Organization of the Oil and Gas Sector	143
	The Underlying Policies	142
	Organization of the Energy Sector	146
	The Relationship with OPEC	155
7	With Hope into the Next Century	160
	The Challenge	160
	The Future of Energy Demand and Supply	163
	Increasing Oil Production	165
	Natural Gas Goes Ahead	168
	A Bright Future?	170
	Appendices	172
	Bibliography	186