The UNIX programming environment Book

	Preface	vii
1.	UNIX for Beginners	1
1.1	Getting started	2
1.2	Day-to-day use: files and common commands	11
1.3	More about files: directories	21
1.4	The shell	26
1.5	The rest of the UNIX system	38
2.	The File System	41
2.1	The basics of files	41
2.2	What's in a file?	46
2.3	Directories and filenames	48
2.4	Permissions	52
2.5	Inodes	57
2.6	The directory hierarchy	63
2.7	Devices	65
3.	Using the Shell	71
3.1	Command line structure	71
3.2	Metacharacters	74
3.3	Creating new commands	80
3.4	Command arguments and parameters	82
3.5	Program output as arguments	86
3.6	Shell variables	88
3.7	More on I/O redirection	92
3.8	Looping in shell programs	94
3.9	bundle: putting it all together	97
3.10	Why a programmable shell?	99
4.	Filters	101
4.1	The grep family	102
4.2	Other filters	106
4.3	The stream editor sed	108
4.4	The awk pattern scanning and processing language	114
4.5	Good files and good filters	130
5.	Shell Programming	133
5.1	Customizing the cal command	133
5.2	Which command is which?	138
5.3	While and until loops: watching for things	144
5.4	Traps: catching interrupts	150
5.5	Replacing a file: overwrite	152
5.6	Zap: killing proceses by name	156
5.7	The pick command: blanks vs. arguments	159
5.8	The news command: community service messages	162
5.9	Get and put: tracking file changes	165
5.10	A look back	169
6.	Programming with Standard I/O	171
6.1	Standard input and output: vis	172
6.2	Program arguments: vis version 2	174
6.3	File access: vis version 3	176
6.4	A screen-at-a-time printer: p	180
6.5	An example: pick	186
6.6	On bugs and debugging	187
6.7	An example: zap	190
6.8	An interactive file comparison program: idiff	192
6.9	Accessing the environment	199
7.	UNIX System Calls	201
7.1	Low-level I/O	201
7.2	File system: directories	208
7.3	File system: inodes	214
7.4	Processes	220
7.5	Signals and interrupts	225
8.	Program Development	233
8.1	Stage 1: A four-function calculator	234
8.2	Stage 2: Variables and error recovery	242
8.3	Stage 3: Arbitrary variable names; built-in functions	245
8.4	Stage 4: Compilation into a machine	258
8.5	Stage 5: Control flow and relational operators	266
8.6	Stage 6: Functions and procedures; input/output	273
8.7	Performance evaluation	284
8.8	A look back	286
9.	Document Preparation	289
9.1	The ms macro package	290
9.2	The troff level	297
9.3	The tbl and eqn preprocessors	301
9.4	The manual page	308
9.5	Other document preparation tools	313
10.	Epilog	315
Appendix 1	Editor Summary	319
Appendix 2	hoc Manual	329
Appendix 3	hoc Listing	335
	Index	349