Asian Americans: Emerging Minorities Book

	Preface
1	Introduction	1
	The Immigrant Image	2
	Who is an American?	4
	Who Wants to Be an American?	5
	Models of Immigrant Groups	7
2	Immigration Laws and Their Effects	12
	Before 1924	13
	The 1930s	15
	The 1940s	16
	1950-1965	17
	The 1965 Immigration Act and Beyond	18
3	The Chinese: The Early Years	21
	The Sojourner Pattern	21
	The Chinese Diaspora	22
	Anti-Chinese Sentiment	23
	Chinese Exclusion	25
	The Structure of Chinese American Society	25
	Chinese American Institutions	27
	Urban Chinese America	30
	Outwitting the Immigration Laws	32
4	The Chinese: After 1943	38
	Changes in Image	39
	Demographic Changes	40
	The Cold War	43
	The "Model Minority"	51
5	The Japanese: The Early Years	56
	The Structure of Japanese American Society	57
	The Anti-Japanese Movement	59
	Japanese Immigrant Organizations	60
	Japanese American Enterprises	62
	The Prewar Japanese American Community	63
	Exile and Incarceration	65
	The Struggle for Redress	66
6	Japanese Americans: After 1946	71
	U.S.-Japanese Relations	71
	The Issei	72
	The Nisei	74
	The Sansei	78
	Recent Events	81
7	The Filipinos	83
	The Pensionados	85
	The Second Wave	86
	The Third Wave	90
8	Asian Indians	96
	On the West Coast	97
	Mangoo Ram (1886-1980)	98
	The Gadar Movement	99
	The Struggle for Citizenship	100
	In the East and the Midwest	102
	The 1946 Act	103
	The Structure of the Asian Indian Community	105
	The Future	108
9	The Koreans	112
	Korean Immigration	113
	Occupational Adjustment	119
	Los Angeles Riot of 1992	121
	The Christian Churches	122
	Family and Kinship Ties	123
	Geographic Adaptation	125
10	The Pacific Islanders	129
	Samoans	130
	Guamanians	134
	Hawaiians	136
	Common Problems	141
11	The Southeast Asians	144
	Who is a Refugee?	145
	U.S. Policy Toward Refugees	147
	The Two Waves of Southeast Asian Refugees	147
	The Vietnamese	148
	Laotians (Hmong)	153
	Cambodians (Kampucheans)	155
	Adaptation	158
12	The Present Status of Asian Americans	170
	The 1990 Census	170
	Higher Education	173
	Family	176
	Occupation and Employment	177
	Unemployment	179
	Income and Poverty	179
	Corporate Representation	180
	Politics	181
	Naturalization	182
	Social Problems	183
	Mass Media	186
	Marital Assimilation	187
13	Adaptation of Asian Americans	192
	Prejudice and Discrimination	194
	Civic Assimilation	199
	The Asian American Model	199
	Suggestions for Further Reading	205
	Appendix: 1990 Census Data	209
	Index	212