Readings on Second Language Acquisition Book

	Preface
	Acknowledgments
	Introduction	1
I	Understanding Second Language Acquisition Research	13
1	Statistics as a Foreign Language - Part 1: What to Look for in Reading Statistical Language Studies	15
2	Ethnography in ESL: Defining the Essentials	36
II	Comparing and Contrasting First and Second Language Acquisition	55
3	Genes and Teens - Sociobiological Explanations for the Presence of Accents After Puberty	57
4	Critical Period Effects in Second Language Learning: The Influence of Maturational State on the Acquisition of English as a Second Language	75
III	Cognitive Styles and Strategies	117
5	The Cognitivo Styles of Reflection/Impulsivity and Field Independence/Dependence and ESL Success	119
6	Listening Comprehension Strategies in Second Language Acquisition	138
IV	Affective Factors	161
7	Competitiveness and Anxiety in Adult Second Language Learning: Looking at and through the Diary Studies	163
8	An Instrumental Motivation in Language Study: Who Says It Isn't Effective?	206
V	Sociocultural Factors	227
9	World Englishes: Approaches, Issues, and Resources	229
10	Second Language Acquisition: The Pidginization Hypothesis	262
VI	Interlanguage	281
11	Task Related Variation in Interlanguage: The Case of Articles	283
12	Focus-on-Form and Corrective Feedback in Communicative Language Teaching	306
VII	Communicative Competence	331
13	Learning to Communicate in the Classroom: A Study of Two Language Learners' Requests	333
14	Sex Differences and Apologies: One Aspect of Communicative Competence	362
VIII	Language Testing	387
15	Cloze Method: What Difference Does It Make?	389
16	What Does Language Testing Have to Offer?	415
IX	Theories of Second Language Acquisition	449
17	Universal Grammar: Is it Just a New Name for Old Problems?	451
18	The Least a Second Language Acquisition Theory Needs to Explain	470
	Editors' Appendix	489