Essential Apache for Web Professionals Book

	Introduction	xiii
Chapter 1	Installation	1
	Introduction	3
	Operating System	3
	Source Code versus Binary Distributions	4
	Obtaining Apache	4
	Unpacking the Distributions	5
	Unpacking Unix Distributions	5
	Windows	5
	Compiling Apache	6
	Manual Compilation	6
	Background Information: make	7
	The APACI Method	8
	Changing the Default Configuration	11
	Installing Apache on Unix	12
	Higher Security Installation	12
	Dynamic Shared Objects	13
	Preparing Apache for DSOs	13
	Compiling Shared Object Modules with configure	14
	Compiling Shared Object Modules with apxs	14
	Using Shared Objects	14
	Binary Distributions	15
	Windows Installation	15
	Basic Installation	16
	Installing as Windows Service	17
	Commercial Distributions	18
	Commercial Apache via Linux Distribution	18
	Commercial Apache	19
	Recap	19
Chapter 2	Basic Apache	21
	Introduction	23
	Directives	23
	Global Behavior Directives	25
	ServerType	25
	ServerRoot	26
	PidFile	26
	ScoreBoardFile	26
	Timeout	27
	KeepAlive	27
	MaxKeepAliveRequests	27
	KeepAliveTimeout	28
	MaxSpareServers	28
	MinSpareServers	28
	StartServers	28
	MaxClients	29
	MaxRequestsPerChild	29
	Listen	29
	BindAddress	30
	LoadModule	30
	Limiting Scope with Container Directives	30
	Limiting Scope to a Directory via [left angle bracket]Directory[right angle bracket] and [left angle bracket]DirectoryMatch[right angle bracket]	31
	Limiting Scope to a Directory via .htaccess Files	32
	Limiting Scope to a URL with [left angle bracket]Location[right angle bracket] and [left angle bracket]LocationMatch[right angle bracket]	33
	Limiting Scope to a Virtual Host	34
	Limiting Scope by [left angle bracket]File[right angle bracket] and [left angle bracket]FileMatch[right angle bracket]	34
	Main Server Configuration Directives	35
	Port	35
	User and Group	35
	ServerAdmin	36
	ServerName	36
	DocumentRoot	36
	Options	37
	AllowOverride	39
	AccessFileName	40
	Order, Allow, Deny	40
	[left angle bracket]IfModule[right angle bracket]	40
	UserDir	41
	DirectoryIndex	41
	CacheNegotiatedDocs	42
	ClearModuleList	42
	AddModule	42
	MIME Types	43
	AddType	43
	AddHandler	43
	TypesConfig	44
	DefaultType	44
	MIMEMagicFile	44
	Logging	45
	HostnameLookups	45
	ErrorLog	45
	LogLevel	46
	TransferLog	46
	LogFormat Variables	48
	Resetting Logs	49
	Custom Output and Indexing	49
	BrowserMatch	49
	IndexOptions	50
	AddIcon, AddIconByType, AddIconByEncoding	50
	DefaultIcon	50
	AddDescription	50
	ReadmeName	51
	HeaderName	51
	IndexIgnore	51
	Windows-Specific Configuration	51
	Differences from Unix	52
	MaxRequestsPerChild	52
	ThreadsPerChild	52
	Starting, Restarting, and Stopping	52
	Notes for Win32 Users	52
	Starting Apache	53
	apachectl	53
	Starting Apache (Windows)	55
	Restarting Apache (Unix)	56
	Signals	57
	Restarting with apachectl	58
	Restarting Apache (Windows)	58
	Stopping Apache (Unix)	59
	Stopping Apache (Windows)	59
	Troubleshooting	59
	fcntl: F_SETLKW: No record locks available	60
	Cannot determine host name. Use ServerName directive to set it manually	60
	setgid: Invalid argument	60
	Linux Problems	61
	Windows Problems	61
	Error 1067	61
	Recap	61
Chapter 3	Hosting Multiple Sites	63
	Introduction	64
	Prerequisites	65
	Ports	66
	Port Directives	67
	IP Addresses	67
	Virtual Hosting by Name	68
	NameVirtualHost	68
	[left angle bracket]VirtualHost[right angle bracket]	69
	Default Virtual Host	70
	Configuration Tip	71
	Virtual Hosting by IP	71
	Combining Name- and IP-Based Virtual Hosts	72
	Suggestions for Virtual Host Configuration	72
	User Home Pages	73
	UserDir some_subdirectory	73
	UserDir /an/absolute/path	75
	UserDir /absolute/path/*/with/wildcard	75
	Recap	76
Chapter 4	Dynamic Content	77
	Introduction	78
	Server Side Includes	79
	Enabling SSI	79
	XBitCrack	81
	SSI Keywords	81
	config	81
	echo	82
	exec	82
	fsize	82
	flastmod	82
	if and elif	83
	include	83
	printenv	83
	set	83
	CGI	84
	Enabling CGI by Location	84
	Enabling CGI by File Type	86
	Debugging CGI	86
	CGI Environment Variables	88
	Controlling Resource Usage	88
	FastCGI	89
	Obtaining FastCGI	89
	FastCgiIpcDir	91
	mod_perl	91
	Installing mod_perl	92
	Compiling mod_perl into httpd	93
	Creating a mod_perl DSO	94
	Using mod_perl	94
	Apache::ASP	95
	mod_python	96
	Installing	97
	Configuring Apache	99
	PythonDebug	99
	PHP	100
	Installing PHP	101
	Configuring Apache for PHP	101
	Recap	102
Chapter 5	Advanced Topics	103
	Introduction	104
	Performance Tuning	104
	mod_status	104
	Excessive Name Resolution	105
	Excessive Logging	106
	Generating Detailed Process Information	107
	The vmstat Unix Utility	108
	Active Servers	108
	Trimming httpd	109
	.htaccess Files	110
	Logging	110
	Enable KeepAlives	110
	Web Databases	111
	MySQL	112
	Server Configuration	112
	Database Access via Basic CGI	113
	Database Access via Embedded CGI Script Interpreters	116
	Database Access via Commercial Product	118
	Load Balancing	118
	Round Robin DNS	119
	mod_rewrite	119
	Module Creation	121
	mod_perl	121
	The Apache API	122
	Creating Handlers	122
	The Request Object	123
	A Basic Module	123
	Invoking the Basic Module	124
	Perl API Configuration Directives	124
	Handler Directives	125
	Performance Considerations	126
	Recap	127
Appendix A	Directive Listing	129
Appendix B	HTTP Status Codes	203
	Index	207