Ritual and Belief: Readings in the Anthropology of Religion Book

Preface xi

Introduction xiii

1 Perspectives 1

Reading 1-1 Animism Edward B. Tylor 3

Reading 1-2 The Return of Totemism in Childhood Sigmund Freud 7

Reading 1-3 The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life Emile Durkheim 12

2 Myth, Cosmology, and Symbolic Classification 19

Reading 2-1 Harelips and Twins: The Splitting of a Myth Claude Lévi-Strauss 21

Reading 2-2 The Dogon Marcel Griaule Germaine Dieterlen 26

Reading 2-3 Pollution Mary Douglas 33

3 Gods, Spirits, and Souls 45

Reading 3-1 A Kernel of Doubt Jack Goody 47

Reading 3-2 The Universality of Ancestor Worship Lyle B. Steadman Craig T. Palmer Christopher F. Tilley 61

Reading 3-3 What Makes Anthropomorphism Natural: Intuitive Ontology and Cultural Representations Pascal Boyer 74

4 Ritual 93

Reading 4-1 Ritual Symbolism, Morality, and Social Structure among the Ndembu Victor W. Turner 94

Reading 4-2 The Rites of Passage: Conclusions Arnold van Gennep 104

Reading 4-3 "Between Belief and Unbelief Lies the Performance of Salat": Meaning and Efficacy of a Muslim Ritual Heiko Henkel 109

5 Practitioners of Ritual 133

Reading 5-1 Religious Specialists Victor W. Turner 138

Reading 5-2 The Woman Who Didn't Become a Shaman Margery Wolf 149

Reading 5-3 The Sound of Rushing Water Michael J. Harner 165

6 Body and Mind 173

Reading 6-1 My Adventure with Ebene: A "Religious Experience" Napoleon A. Chagnon 175

Reading 6-2 "Thus Are Our Bodies, Thus Was Our Custom": Mortuary Cannibalism in an Amazonian Society Beth A. Conklin 182

Reading 6-3 "In Thy Blood Live": Gender and Ritual in the Judaeo-Christian Tradition Leonie J. Archer 215

7 Magic and Witchcraft 239

Reading 7-1 Sympathetic Magic James G. Frazer 240

Reading 7-2 Men Bewitch Others When They Hate Them E. E. Evans-Pritchard 244

Reading 7-3 Baseball Magic George Gmelch 253

8 Death 263

Reading 8-1 "Voodoo" Death Walter B. Cannon 264

Reading 8-2 Symbolic Associations of Death Peter Metcalf Richard Huntington 276

Reading 8-3 Making the King Divine: A Case Study in Ritual Regicide from Timor David Hicks 286

9 Gender and Sexuality 303

Reading 9-1 The Virgin of Guadalupe: A Mexican National Symbol Eric R. Wolf 305

Reading 9-2 The Hijras of India: Cultural and Individual Dimensions of an Institutionalized Third Gender Role Serena Nanda 312

Reading 9-3 The Syphilitic Shock Stanislav Andreski 327

10 The Natural Environment 359

Reading 10-1 Cosmology as Ecological Analysis: A View from the Rain Forest G. Reichel-Dolmatoff 363

Reading 10-2 Ritual Regulation of Environmental Relations among a New Guinea People Roy A. Rappaport 376

Reading 10-3 Water Witching: An Interpretation of a Ritual Pattern in a Rural American Community Evon Z. Vogt 389

11 Agents of Change 411

Reading 11-1 Judaism, Christianity, and the Socio-Economic Order Max Weber 412

Reading 11-2 Revitalization Movements Anthony F. C. Wallace 423

Reading 11-3 Cargo Cults Peter M. Worsley 440

12 New Religious Movements 449

Reading 12-1 Apocalypse at Jonestown John R. Hall 451

Reading 12-2 The Unification Church Eileen Barker 467

Reading 12-3 Faith beyond Belief: Evangelical Protestant Conceptions of Faith and the Resonance of Anti-Humanism Omri Elisha 475

Glossary 499

General References 505

Index 507

About the Author 511